ras Oncogene p21 antigen is present in the most superficial cells of the normal bladder urothelium, as demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining. The pattern and intensity of p21 staining of cells in epithelial hyperplasia and low grade bladder carcinoma were similar to that seen in the normal urothelium. In contrast, epithelial cells in "premalignant" (dysplastic) lesions and high grade car...

Polyomavirus type BK-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) develops from reactivation of latent infection in urothelium and kidney tubular epithelium. While BK viremia may occur a variety immunosuppressed states, BKVAN exclusively allografts. We report case middle-aged man with remote history allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) who had chronic disease (CKD) secondary to BKVAN.

BACKGROUND: Population aging has caused a steady increase in morbidity associated with gerontological pathology lesions of various organs and systems, including those structural changes the bladder.
 AIM: To study morphological rearrangements bladder its vascular system elderly senile people.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: Autopsy material wall from 25 men aged 6080 years was studied using hi...

Ketamine cystitis (KC) is a chronic bladder inflammation leading to urinary urgency, frequency, and pain. The pathogenesis of KC complicated involves multiple tissue injuries in the bladder. Recent studies indicated that urothelium disruption, lamina propria fibrosis inflammation, microvascular injury, neuropathological alterations, smooth muscle (BSM) abnormalities all contribute KC. has been ...

Purinergic mechanisms appear to be involved in motor as well as sensory functions in the urinary bladder. ATP released from efferent nerves excites bladder smooth muscle, whereas ATP released from urothelial cells can activate afferent nerves and urothelial cells. In the present study, we used immunohistochemical techniques to examine the distribution of purinoceptors in the urothelium, smooth ...

BACKGROUND There is an emerging association between ketamine abuse and the development of urological symptoms including dysuria, frequency and urgency, which have a neurological component. In addition, extreme cases are associated with severe unresolving bladder pain in conjunction with a thickened, contracted bladder and an ulcerated/absent urothelium. Here we report on unusual neuropathologic...

PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of small intestine submucosa (SIS) in the reconstruction of the ureter in swine. MATERIALS AND METHODS An experimental study was performed in 10 half-breed pigs weighing between 20 and 30 K, in which a previously prepared segment of SIS measuring approximately 2.0 cm was implanted in the upper third part of the right ur...