Objective: Innate immune mechanisms have been implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic sterile conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. We have recently demonstrated that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation by endogenous molecules such as high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) contributes to hypertrophy and hypercontractility in diabetic bladder dysfunction. It has been reported that wom...

AIMS To investigate the concentration and activity of RhoA in detrusor and urothelium, as well as the effects of a Rho-kinase inhibitor, Y-27632 [(+)-(R)-trans-4-(1-aminoethyl)-N-(4-pyridyl) cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride], on contraction of the pig urinary bladder. METHODS The concentration of RhoA mRNA was studied by the real-time RT-PCR and activated RhoA enzyme was studied by acti...

Lymphoepithelial - like carcinoma, is rarely recognized in the urinary bladder and less commonly occurs with papillary transitional cell carcinoma i.e. mixed pattern. Also, less uncommon is the occurrence of carcinoma in situ changes in the adjacent urothelium of these tumors. Here, a case of lymphoepithelial – like carcinoma and papillary transitional cell carcinoma associated with carci...

Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for human cancers including urinary bladder carcinoma. In previous study, nicotine enhanced rat carcinogenesis in two-stage model. Nicotine also induced cytotoxicity the urothelium short-term study. present male rats were treated with (40 ppm) drinking water co-administered NADPH oxidase inhibitor, apocynin (0, 250 or 750 mg/kg) diet 4 weeks. The treatment...

BACKGROUND Uroplakins are differentiation-related membrane proteins of urothelium. We compared uroplakin expression and ultrastructural localization in human normal urothelium, papilloma and papillary carcinoma. Because of high recurrence rate of these tumours, treated by transurethral resection, we investigated urothelial tumour, resection border and uninvolved urothelium. PATIENTS AND METHO...

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are capable of differentiating into multiple cell types, providing an alternative cell source for cell-based therapy and tissue engineering. Simultaneous differentiation of human BMSCs into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and urothelium would be beneficial for clinical applications in bladder regeneration for patients with bladder exstrophy or cancer who ne...

Normal human urothelium and tumors of urothelial origin were analyzed with a panel of seven mouse monoclonal antibodies that identify surface antigens of cultured bladder cancer cell lines. Three categories of antigens were defined on the basis of differential expression on normal urothelium versus bladder tumors. Om5 (a category 1 antigen) is a highly restricted, differentiation antigen detect...

BACKGROUND Previous studies found that urea transporter UT-B is abundantly expressed in bladder urothelium. However, the dynamic role of UT-B in bladder urothelial cells remains unclear. The objective of this study is to evaluate the physiological roles of UT-B in bladder urothelium using UT-B knockout mouse model and T24 cell line. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Urea and NO measurement, mRNA...

Birder, Lori A. More than just a barrier: urothelium as a drug target for urinary bladder pain. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 289: F489–F495, 2005; doi:10.1152/ ajprenal.00467.2004.—Although the urinary bladder urothelium has classically been thought of as a passive barrier to ions/solutes, a number of novel properties have been recently attributed to these cells. Studies have revealed that the ur...

BACKGROUND There seems to be no consensus concerning taking bladder biopsies during transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT). We investigate the clinical significance of bladder biopsy with TUR-BT and the relationship between urinary cytology and the biopsy results. METHODS We reviewed a total of 424 patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer treated with TUR-BT between 1998 an...