Retinyl palmitate (RP), a storage form of vitamin A, is frequently used as a cosmetic ingredient, with more than 700 RP-containing cosmetic products on the U.S. market in 2004. There are concerns for the possible genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of RP when it is exposed to sunlight. To evaluate the photomutagenicity of RP in cells when exposed to ultraviolet A (UVA) light, L5178Y/Tk+/- mouse ly...

BACKGROUND The causative link between UV exposure and melanoma development is well known, however the mechanistic relationship remains incompletely characterised. UVA and UVB components of sunlight are implicated in melanomagenesis; however the majority of studies have focused on the effects of UVB and UVC light. Interestingly, melanoma tumour sequencing has revealed an overrepresentation of mu...

S Aim To investigate whether there are differences in asthma characteristics between two populations of children with moderate asthma requiring inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) who are treated in general practice or in hospital practice. Patients and Methods 45 children from general practice and 62 from hospital practice, diagnosed with asthma and treated with ICS, were analysed in terms of lung f...

We thank Jui-Teng Lin for his interest in our recent work studying riboflavin (RF)-UVA–assisted corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL). His comments on our data with a mathematic equation bring new perspectives to the corneal CXL biology. Since RF-UVA CXL emerged as a medical alternative to treat corneal ectatic disorders, efficacy and safety have been the central topics for laboratory and clinica...

Cyanobacteria are aquatic photosynthetic microorganisms. While of enormous ecological importance, they have also been linked to human and animal illnesses around the world as a consequence of toxin production by some species. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, a filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium, has attracted considerable attention due to its potential toxicity and ecophysiological adapt...

PURPOSE To investigate, after 24 h, the safety of genipin or ultraviolet A (UVA)-riboflavin crosslinking of keratocytes and endothelial cells. METHODS Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits were selected and divided into a PBS group (five rabbits), a 0.2% genipin crosslinking (GP-CXL) group (five rabbits), and a UVA-riboflavin crosslinking (UVA-CXL) group (five rabbits). In the GP-CXL and PBS grou...

To determine whether platelet-rich fibrin lysate (PRF-L) could restore the function of chronically ultraviolet-A (UVA)-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), we isolated and sub-cultured HDFs from six different human foreskins. HDFs were divided into two groups: those that received chronic UVA irradiation (total dosages of 10 J cm⁻²) and those that were not irradiated. We compared the prol...

Purpose: To investigate the anti-melanogenesis effect of green tea compound, (-)-epigallocatechin-3gallate (EGCG), on B16 murine melanoma cell irradiated by ultraviolet A (UVA) in the search for natural skin-lightening alternative agents. Methods: B16 murine melanoma cells by UVA (9.0 J/cm) for 0 to 32 min and then incubated in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) with EGCG (0-200 μg/mL) f...