the vestibular system is important for the development of normal movement reactions, motion tolerance, and motor control for postural alignment, balance, and vision. a vestibular system that is damaged by disease or injury in childhood can have a major impact on a child's development. in addition, the emergence of vestibular lesions may also lead to cognitive deficits, including attention defic...

we report a case of choroidal neovascularization (cnv) secondary to methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (mthfr) gene mutation in a 20-year-old male patient with hypopituitarism. treatment with three consecutive injections of intravitreal ranibizumab (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor) resulted in significant improvement of the patient’s vision and the appearance of the macula. a search ...

pessimism, a phenomenon of deep effect over the contemporary poetry, both arabic and persian, usually enjoys a widespread usage in the periods of social, political and economic disorders which, in turn, affect the poets’ views and change their visions toward the real. elias abu-shabaka and hushang ebtehaj are the poets of a modern disorderly era and environment. they both display a deep pessimi...

BACKGROUND The population of long-term survivors of childhood brain tumors (BTs) is growing. The aim of our study was to evaluate late-appearing morbidity in BT survivors. METHODS Patients diagnosed with a BT at the age of 0-15 years between 1970 and 2004, and surviving at least 5 years, were identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry (n = 740). Their late new morbidity ≥ 5 years after cance...

When considering the burden of visual impairment on aging individuals and society at large, it is important to bear in mind that vision changes are a natural aspect of aging. In this article, we consider vision changes that are part of normal aging, the prevalence of abnormal vision changes caused by disorders of the visual system, and the anticipated incidence and impact of visual impairment a...

there are several reports in the literature indicating a great variety of pharmacological effects for peganum harmala or aspand such as sedative anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antiviral and antiprotozoal. some people believe that can be used for treatment of some organic or psychiatric disorders. we introduce a woman with history of long time constipation that was disappointed in novel medical tr...

BACKGROUND Asthenopic symptoms often are associated with various accommodative/vergence disorders. Recent studies have found that symptoms associated with convergence insufficiency are reduced by in-office vision therapy with supplemental home therapy. No studies have used standardized symptom questionnaires to evaluate the effectiveness of either in-office or home-based vision therapy in binoc...

AIM To report on a new model of preschool vision screening that was performed in metropolitan Seoul and to investigate the distribution of various ocular disorders in this metropolitan preschool population. METHODS Vision screening was conducted on 36 973 kindergarten children aged 3-5 years in a stepwise manner. The first step was home screening using a set of five picture cards and a questi...