The acyclic directed Steiner tree problem (ADSP) requires a minimal outward tree within an acyclic digraph with edge costs G = (V; E; d) which connects a root r with a distinguished subset S V , #S = k. The best possible performance guarantee of any polynomial approximation algorithm for ADSP cannot be less than 1 4 log k unless ~ P NP. The presented series of heuristics A n has a performance g...

Since the invention of the automobile, cars have taken an important role in our society. Once they were available only to the wealthy few that could afford them as a luxury in life. However, today cars have become a necessity for everyone. German automobile companies like Benz, BMW, Volkswagen, Porsche and Audi are well known for their Engineering and technology. Identifying the above said fact...

Since the invention of the automobile, cars have taken an important role in our society. Once they were available only to the wealthy few that could afford them as a luxury in life. However, today cars have become a necessity for everyone. German automobile companies like Benz, BMW, Volkswagen, Porsche and Audi are well known for their Engineering and technology. Identifying the above said fact...

1 This research was supported by a research scholarship for the Volkswagen St i f tung Research in Pairs program at Oberwolfach, Germany. 2 Department of Mathematics, University of Nevada. Reno, Nevada 89557. E-mail: mcubed(a unr.edu. 3 Department of Mathematics, University of Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund Germany. E-mail: hps(a mathematik.uni-dortmund.de. We compute the asymptotic distribution of t...