A dominating set in a graph G = ( V, E ) is S such that every vertex of either or adjacent to . While the minimum cardinality called domination number denoted by Γ( ), maximum minimal upper ). We call difference between these two parameters gap and denote it µ d − with 0 said be well-dominated graph, we 1 an almost graph. In this work, first establish bound for bipartite graphs k , where ≥ 1, d...

Given the increasing public awareness of environmental impacts, governments have made regulation on pollutants more stringent. Therefore, the Unit Commitment Problem (UCP), which traditionally minimizes the total production costs, needs to consider the pollutants emissions as another objective. This way, the UCP becomes a multiobjective problem with two competing objectives. The approach propos...

with the huge global and wide range of attention placed upon quality, promoting and optimize the reliability of the products during the design process has turned out to be a high priority. in this study, the researcher have adopted one of the existing models in the reliability science and propose a bi-objective model for redundancy allocation in the series-parallel systems in accordance with th...

niosomes, non-ionic surfactant vesicles (nsvs), are the hydrated lipids composed mainly of different classes of non-ionic surfactants, introduced in the seventies as a cosmetic vehicle. nowadays, niosomes are used as important new drug delivery systems by many research groups and also they are effective immunoadjuvants which some commercial forms are available in the market. these vesicles rece...

This paper proposes a modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) for a bi-objective location-allocation model. The purpose is to define the best places and capacity of the distribution centers as well as to allocate consumers, in such a way that uncertain consumers demands are satisfied. The objectives of the mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model are to (1) minimize...

Adenovirus (Ad) gene therapy vectors made replication defective by deletion of the E1 region (first-generation vectors) induce high-level inflammation that leads to loss of both transduced gene expression and transduced cells. First-generation vectors were initially considered to be incapable of viral DNA replication, but it is necessary to delete one or more of the genes, all in the E2 transcr...

There are many reasons for the growing interest in developing new product projects for any firm. The most embossed reason is surviving in a highly competitive industry which the customer tastes are changing rapidly. A well-managed supply chain network can provide the most profit for firms due to considering new product development. Along with profit, customer satisfaction and production of new ...

This paper proposes an extension of the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) to multiobjective optimization problems. The new algorithm, called Non-dominated Sorting GSA (NSGSA), utilizes the non-dominated sorting concept to update the gravitational acceleration of the particles. An external archive is also used to store the Pareto optimal solutions and to provide some elitism. It also guides t...

The impact of a kination-dominated (KD) phase generated by a quintessential exponential model on the thermal abundance of Supersymmetric (SUSY) extremely Weekly Interacting Massive Particles (e-WIMPs) is investigated. For values of the quintessential energy-density parameter at the eve of nucleosynthesis close to its upper bound, we find that (i) the gravitino (G̃) constraint is totally evaded f...

We treat the class of sampling problems in which the underlying function can be specified by a finite set of samples. Our problem is to reconstruct the signal from non-ideal, noisy samples, which are modelled as the inner products of the signal with a set of sampling vectors, contaminated by noise. To mitigate the effect of the noise and the mismatch between the sampling and reconstruction vect...