Serum samples were obtained from 24 horses in the State of Coahuila, Mexico, in December 2002. Antibodies to West Nile virus were detected by epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test in 15 (62.5%) horses. We report the first West Nile virus activity in northern Mexico.

Serum samples were obtained from 252 horses in the State of Yucatan, Mexico, from July to October 2002. Antibodies to West Nile virus were detected by epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in three (1.2%) horses and confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test. We report the first West Nile virus activity in the State of Yucatan.

Citation: Murray KO, Nolan MS, Ronca SE, Datta S, Govindarajan K, Narayana PA, Salazar L, Woods SP and Hasbun R (2018) The Neurocognitive and MRI Outcomes of West Nile Virus Infection: Preliminary Analysis Using an External Control Group. Front. Neurol. 9:111. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00111 The neurocognitive and Mri Outcomes of West nile Virus infection: Preliminary analysis Using an external c...

Nile virus ranges from 3 to 14 days. Two serosurveys have shown that approximately 1 in 150 infections resulted in meningitis or encephalitis, but most human infections remain subclinical. The reported symptoms and signs associated with West Nile virus infection include fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, headache, myalgia, rash, and lymphadenopathy. The frequencies of various symptoms ...

Determining how West Nile virus crosses the blood-brain barrier is critical to understanding the pathogenesis of encephalitis. Here, we show that ICAM-1(-/-) mice are more resistant than control animals to lethal West Nile encephalitis. ICAM-1(-/-) mice have a lower viral load, reduced leukocyte infiltration, and diminished neuronal damage in the brain compared to control animals. This is assoc...

Flaviviruses are positive-stranded RNA viruses that are a public health problem because of their widespread distribution and their ability to cause a variety of diseases in humans. West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne member of this genus and is the etiologic agent of West Nile encephalitis. Clinical manifestations of West Nile virus infection are diverse, and their pathogenic mechanisms depend ...

West Nile virus (WNV) is an avian virus that can cause fatal disease in some species of mammals, reptiles and birds. Most clinical cases occur in humans and horses. Approximately 80% of infected humans remain asymptomatic; 20% have flulike symptoms. Less than 1% develop meningitis, encephalitis or acute paralysis, but some of these cases are fatal or result in permanent impairment. Neurological...

sitive test. Of the patients with cases of West Nile virus identified in New York City in 1999 and 2000 and for whom a CSF sample was available, 95% had demonstrable IgM antibody (90% within 8 days of onset of symptoms) [4]. Residents in areas in which West Nile virus is endemic may have persistent IgM antibody from a previous infection that is unrelated to their current clinical illness, and, ...

This article uses the experience of five European countries to review the integrated approaches (human, animal and vector) for surveillance and monitoring of West Nile virus (WNV) at national and European levels. The epidemiological situation of West Nile fever in Europe is heterogeneous. No model of surveillance and monitoring fits all, hence this article merely encourages countries to impleme...

Diagnosis: West Nile virus meningoencephalitis with acute flaccid paralysis and parkinsonism. CSF revealed significant plasmacytosis (plasma cell percentage, 40%) and moderate pleocytosis (figure 1). CSF was positive for West Nile virus IgM antibodies by ELISA capture technique, which is pathognomic for diagnosis [1, 2]. CSF studies for herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovi...