We review some recent endeavors and add some new results to characterize and understand underlying mechanisms in Wikipedia (WP), the paradigmatic example of collaborative value production. We analyzed the statistics of editorial activity in different languages and observed typical circadian and weekly patterns, which enabled us to estimate the geographical origins of contributions to WPs in lan...

Citing a lack of information, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency prudently did not account for the benefits of averting many chronic diseases in analyzing the Worker Protection Standards (WPS) revisions. We demonstrate that sufficient information can exist, using the example of the benefits to agricultural workers of reduced Parkinson's disease (PD) due to reduced pesticide exposure. We d...

The literature on dirty workers analysed material and symbolic aspects of work, highlighting how deal with the stigma associated their occupations. This approach put less attention who operate in informal economy, which is a relevant category especially some sectors, such as urban-waste management recycling. Drawing 2019–2022 qualitative study waste pickers (WPs) Rio Grande do Sul state (Brazil...

Topological Weyl semimetals have been attracting broad interest. Recently, a new type of point with topological charge $4$, termed as charge-4 (C-4 WP), was proposed in spinless systems. Here, we show the minimum symmetry requirement for C-4 WP is group $T$ together ${\cal T}$ or $O$. We establish tight-binding model on cubic lattice time-reversal and without spin-orbit coupling effect. This tw...

Abstract We studied which European Union (EU) economy was more attractive prior to Brexit for employees in supervisory positions. estimate the extra wage that supervisors earn relative their subordinates—the premium supervision (WPS)—at different quantiles of distribution wages 26 economies. find UK rewards than other EU Moreover, WPS increases with and so inequality. Over 10% depends on nation...

WPS is a 100% pure software-based indoor positioning system which uses the signal strength of WLAN (Wireless Local Area Networks) infrastructure transmission from/to WLAN access points to determine the position of the user equipped with mobile computing devices such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDA), laptop computers and so on. In a previous paper (Wang, 2003), the authors gave a detailed de...

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) composition-based labeling standards for various ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products typically specify maximum product pH and/or moisture:protein ratio and less often maximum water activity (a(w)). Compliance with these standards often has been regarded as proof of shelf stability. However, the USDA now requires additional proof, e.g., challenge study results,...

The aim of this work was to identify genes in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IL1403 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris Wg2 important for adsorption of the 936-species phages bIL170 and phi 645, respectively. Random insertional mutagenesis of the two L. lactis strains was carried out with the vector pGh9:ISS1, and integrants that were resistant to phage infection and showed reduced phage a...