BACKGROUND Existing molecular assays for filarial parasite DNA in mosquitoes cannot distinguish between infected mosquitoes that contain any stage of the parasite and infective mosquitoes that harbor third stage larvae (L3) capable of establishing new infections in humans. We now report development of a molecular L3-detection assay for Brugia malayi in vectors based on RT-PCR detection of an L3...

The infection status of marine fish and cephalopods with Anisakis simplex third stage larva (L3) was studied over a period of 1 year. A total of 2,537 specimens, which consisted of 40 species of fish and 3 species of cephalopods, were purchased from the Cooperative Fish Market in Busan, Korea, from August 2006 to July 2007. They were examined for A. simplex L3 from the whole body cavity, viscer...

OBJECTIVE To determine bone mineral density (BMD) using the posteroanterior L2-L4 (PA) and lateral L3 (LAT-L3) projections of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and to evaluate the relationship between BMD and the presence of syndesmophytes. METHODS Twenty men with AS were studied. BMD was measured by femoral neck DEXA, PA DEXA, and LAT-L3 DE...

The current study explores the potential influence of an L2 on the acquisition of L3, in the context of English speaking learners of Japanese (the L2) and Korean (the L3). As a mean to assess the degree of influence of the L1 accent and L2 accent in L3 production, an experiment involving the perceptual judgment of a foreign accent was developed. Two groups of native English speakers [(i) five w...

The syntheses and characterization of two new redox active cyclam ligands ferrocenylmethyl-(6-methyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradec-6-yl)-amine (L3) and 1,1'-ferrocenylmethyl-bis(6-methyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradec-6-yl)-amine (L4) are reported. The compounds each possess a ferrocenyl group bearing one (L3) or two (L4) appended macrocycles linked by their exocyclic amino groups and the crys...

In this paper, we establish the local well-posedness for the Cauchy problem of the simplified version of hydrodynamic flow of nematic liquid crystals (1.1) in R3 for any initial data (u0, d0) having small L3 uloc -norm of (u0,∇d0). Here L3uloc(R 3) is the space of uniformly locally L3-integrable functions. For any initial data (u0, d0) with small ‖(u0,∇d0)‖L3(R3), we show that there exists a un...

Intonation phrase length distribution is important information for prosodic break prediction. However, existing CRF frameworks cannot make full use of it. An expanded CRF is proposed in this paper to tackle this problem. Its lattice carries the location of previous intonation phrase (L3) break, and consequently makes it possible to support various dynamic features, such as the number of syllabl...