Microalgae are a large and diverse group of photosynthetic organisms which can use of solar energy to fixed inorganic carbon (Ci) with efficiency (2-10%) that are ten times greater than higher plants (<1%) due to their high growth rate (1to 3-fold increases in biomass per day) [1,2]. Although CO2 is the predominant carbon source for microalgal cultivation, the low level of dissolution of CO2 in...

Bioprocess scale-up is a fundamental component of process development in the biotechnology industry. When scaling up a mammalian cell culture process, it is important to consider factors such as mixing time, oxygen transfer, and carbon dioxide removal. In this study, cell-free mixing studies were performed in production scale 5,000-L bioreactors to evaluate scale-up issues. Using the current bi...

Carbox dioxide fixation studies were conducted with rapidly growing JA-1 sarcoma cells in vitro. Isotope was isolated in asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and glutamine. Chemical degradation of these compounds suggested three sites of fixation. They were carbon dioxide condensation with (a) pyruvic acid, (6) propionyl CoA, and (c) a three-carbon fragment such as the isopropyl carbons of...

A scale-up study has been performed with three different size reactors to establish the optimum operating conditions for the hydrogen production from synthesis gas by biological water-gas shift reaction using the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodosprilliunt rubrum. Optimum medium composition and operating conditions previously determined in a bench scale 1.25 L continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR...

The analysis of the irradiance responses of photosynthetic processes, such as the quantum efficiencies of electron transport by photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII) or the rate of carbon dioxide fixation, is limited by the lack of mechanistically based analytical model for these processes. Starting with a model of P700 redox state, we develop a series of analytical functions which can be used t...

Photosynthetic (14)CO(2) fixation, [(14)C]glycolate formation, and the decarboxylation of [1-(14)C]glycolate and [1-(14)C]glycine by leaf mesophyll protoplasts isolated from isogenic diploid and tetraploid cultivars of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were examined. The per cent O(2) inhibition of photosynthesis in protoplasts from the tetraploid cultivar was less than that of the diploid line at b...

Adsorption is a chemical method for water purification. In the present study, native and impregnated active carbon was used for adsorption to evaluate the efficacy of the process in manganese removal from aqueous solutions. Impregnation reaction was performed using the precipitate colloids of manganese oxides onto the carbon surface. X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, a...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bioenergy is a phenomenon that has attracted humans’ attention for about a century. The desirable biological properties of chlorella sp.microalgae have turned it to one of the most ideal options for the production of biodiesel. However, the economic issues must be taken into account in its industrial scale production. The present study aims t...

Suspended particles and particle aggregates, which formed from concentrated field samples on the roller table, were characterized biologically and chemically along a transect through the Baltic Sea in summer 1999. Phytoplankton composition in field samples was dominated by cyanobacteria, including the filamentous diazotrophic cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon ‘ baltica’, Nodularia spumigena and Anaba...