OBJECTIVE Urinary tract conditions have been an important part of diseases from antiquity until today. Historically, many plants and herbs have been used for the treatment of urinary disorders. METHODS Celâlüddîn Hızır bin Ali el-Konevi (Hadji Pasha) is one of the most famous physician who lived in Anatolia between 13th and 14th centuries. He has written one of the most important medical book...

UNLABELLED In the present research, the effect of morphine consumption during pregnancy on the development of the embryo's spinal cord was studied in Wistar rat. FEMALE WISTAR RATS (WT 250-300 g) were mated with males. The test group received morphine (0.01 mg/ml) in their drinking water. Pregnant rats were later killed with chloroform on the 12th, 13th and 14th days of pregnancy, and the emb...

The world has known tidal waves of disease for a long time. There were the early plagues of Egypt in Pharaonic times and the "great sickness", under the Roman emperors, and smallpox began to occur in epidemics, invading Arabia, the Roman Empire, France, and other countries before the Middle Ages. The bubonic plague crossed from Asia and spread into Europe in the 13th and 14th centuries, and in ...

On 10th October Dr. E. G. Brabbeer, f.f.a.r.c.s., was installed as President for the current session and gave an address on "Advances in Anaesthesia in the last thirty years". Professor C. Bruce Perry, m.d., f.r.c.p., was elected President for the Session 1957-58. 14th Nov.: Clinical Meeting at Southmead Hospital. 12th Dec.: Sir Horace Evans, K.c.v.o., f.r.c.p., "Hypertension and Artery Disease...

some of the iranian artworks during the 10th-14th centuries have been illustrated by narrative scenes showing a cavalier archer king in the hunting ground of gazelles; while a tiny lyre playing girl sat back him. according to shāhnāma-i-fērdowsī and haft peykar-i- nizami ganjavi, such scenes narrate the story of sassanid king bahram-i- gūr and āzāda, his lyre player servant girl. it should be n...