the application of a comprehensive model of communicative language ability (cla) to language teaching and testing has always been an imperative in l2 education since hymess proposal of communicative competence in the 1970s. recent l2 research has clearly underscored the importance of sufficient pragmatics representation as an essential component of cla in pedagogical and testing practices in l2...

Background. The dynamic and uncertain nature of health care environment requires nurses to be competent decision makers and to respond to the clients needs. Recently, the public and the government have criticized Iranian nurses because of a low quality patient care. However, the nurses’ views and experiences concern- ing the factors affecting their clinical practice and clinical decision making...

Introduction: Infection of fasciola hepatica (Termatoda: fasciolidae) has different clinical presentations. This parasitic infestation is prevalent in domestic livestock and human in Northern provinces of Iran. Case Report: A case of fasciola hepatica infestation with fever, chills, abdominal pain and jaundice (cholangitis) is presented whose diagnosis was confirmed by positive serology test...

Background & Aim: Using the best evaluation method is particularly important for students in intensive care lession. In this regard, direct observation of practical skills is one of the new clinical evaluation methods that allow students to receive constructive feedback. This study aimed to determine the effect of evaluation through direct observation of procedural skills on clinical performanc...