A clean and sustainable deicing additive was prepared via the adsorption of acetate anions (Ac-) by magnesium (Mg) and aluminum (Al) calcined layered double hydroxide (Mg/Al-CLDH). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrums proved that Ac- had intercalated into LDH structure. X-ray diffraction patterns, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed that ...

In developing countries, a pressure associated with economical and environmental constraints has forced the power utilities to meet the future demand by fully utilizing the existing resource of transmission facilities without building new lines. Flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) devices are used to control the phase angle, voltage and impedance of high voltage AC lines. ...

Most of the ac-ac converters used in home-appliances are based on single-output dc-link inverters, which provides a cost-effective and straight-forward solution. However, this twostage power conversion decreases power density and efficiency. Direct ac-ac conversion has been thoroughly studied in the past. However, the complex control scheme and higher cost has prevented it from being used in lo...

Electricity market activities and a growing demand for electricity have led to heavily stressed power systems. This requires operation of the networks closer to their stability limits. Cost effective solutions are preferred over network extensions. The flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS), a new technology based on power electronics, offers an opportunity to enhance controll...

This paper goal to analyze the costs that are associated with the power transfer as well as the designing of new computer techniques and the allocation of these costs based on AC power flow method vs. DC power flow method. IEEE-12 bus system results are analyzed the Method based on AC power flow using distribution factors.

As illustrated in recent years (Superstorm Sandy, the Northeast Ice Storm of 1998, etc.), extreme weather events pose an enormous threat to the electric power transmission systems and the associated socio-economic systems that depend on reliable delivery of electric power. Besides inevitable malfunction of power grid components, deliberate malicious attacks can cause high risks to the service. ...

Large offshore wind farms are recently emerging as promising alternative power Sources. Long distances between offshore generation and onshore distribution grid demand new solutions for their connect alternative to conventional AC transmission above a certain cable length. This paper presents a new VSC transmission topology for HVDC grid connection of offshore wind farms.

Different types of excitawry amino acid receptors probably exe t tw specific fiaw~onal roles within the manunaban CNS. t..Glutamate may be the trammitter at all of these receptors, with extracellul+w Mg z + regulating the sensitivity of one particular receptorionophore system. As Jeff Watkins explains, this probable role of L-glutamme remains unproven. But progress is being made in characterizi...

A fuzzy-controller design by the hybrid of genetic algorithm and particle-swarm optimisation (F-HGAPSO) is employed for a thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) to improve the transient stability of flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS). According to the variation of rotation speed, a fuzzy controller decides an approximate series capacitance to achieve a better dynamic response of FAC...

The paper presents an apparent impedance calculation procedure for distance relaying of transmission line involving FACTS devices, particularly the UPFC (unified power flow controller). The presence of UPFC significantly affects the trip boundaries which are also adversely affected by fault resistance combined with remote end infeed. Depending on the UPFC location, the trip boundary is influenc...