Larval helminths often share individual intermediate hosts with other larval worms of the same or different species. In the case of immature acanthocephalans capable of altering the phenotype of their intermediate hosts, the benefits or costs of host sharing can be evaluated in terms of increased or decreased probability of transmission to a suitable definitive host. Competitive interactions am...

The acanthocephalan parasite Acanthocephalus dirus infects the freshwater isopod Caecidotea intermedius as an intermediate host before completing its life cycle in a fish. Transmission to the definitive host occurs after the parasite has reached the cystacanth stage and development into this stage is associated with changes in several behavioral and physiological traits of the host. Despite the...

breeding biology of the great cormorants phalacrocorax carbo sinensis is assessed in thesouthern coasts of the caspian sea, iran during the years 2008-2010. about 84 nests located on 63 trees wereexamined. nests were built on large trees located in abbas abad marsh, gilan province. initially, eggs werefound on first week of april and egg laying continued until the last week of may. clutch size ...

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A research study was conducted to investigate the number of ovarian eggs and estimate potential egg production of A. leptodactylus. In this study, mean number ovarian eggs 420.41±42.51 with the average total length to 121.93±4.27 mm (n=58). The mean pleopodal eggs were 322.04±29.61 with average total length of 119.14±3.94 mm (n=67). Comparison of the fecundity rate in different population of A....