There is a need for real-time non-invasive, continuous monitoring of cerebral blood flow (CBF) during surgery, in intensive care units and clinical research. We investigated a new non-invasive hybrid technology employing ultrasound tagged near infrared spectroscopy (UT-NIRS) that may estimate changes in CBF using a cerebral blood flow index (CFI). Changes over time for UT-NIRS CFI and 133Xenon ...

There is a need for real-time non-invasive, continuous monitoring of cerebral blood flow (CBF) during surgery, in intensive care units and clinical research. We investigated a new non-invasive hybrid technology employing ultrasound tagged near infrared spectroscopy (UT-NIRS) that may estimate changes in CBF using a cerebral blood flow index (CFI). Changes over time for UT-NIRS CFI and Xenon sin...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acetazolamide on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2). CBF, arterial and jugular venous partial O2 pressure, partial CO2 pressure, pH, and O2 saturation percentage were measured in six patients before and 3 and 20 minutes after intravenous administration of 1 g of acetazolamide. CBF was measured by the intra...

Purpose Recent studies indicate that the amount of deformation of the peripapillary retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane (pRPE/BM) toward or away from the vitreous may reflect acute changes in cerebrospinal fluid pressure. The study purpose is to determine if changes in optic-nerve-head (ONH) shape reflect a treatment effect (acetazolamide/placebo + weight management) using the optic...

PURPOSE The Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial (IIHTT) showed that acetazolamide provided a modest, significant improvement in mean deviation (MD). Here, we further analyze visual field changes over the 6-month study period. METHODS Of 165 subjects with mild visual loss in the IIHTT, 125 had perimetry at baseline and 6 months. We evaluated pointwise linear regression of visu...

The present experiments were designed to localize the sites of carbonic anhydrase-independent bicarbonate reabsorption in the rat kidney and to examine some of its mechanisms. Young Munich-Wistar rats were studied using standard cortical and papillary free-flow micropuncture techniques. Total CO2 (tCO2) was determined using microcalorimetry. In control rats both superficial and juxtamedullary p...

We conducted a trial of oral acetazolamide for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in 22 Thai adults with headache and an opening cerebrospinal fluid pressure of >/=200 mm H(2)0. The trial was terminated prematurely because patients who received acetazolamide developed significantly lower venous bicarbonate levels and higher chloride levels and had more-frequent serious adverse events than...

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of medroxyprogesterone on blood gases and cerebral regional oxygenation at high altitude, alone and in conjunction with acetazolamide, and to assess the effect on acute mountain sickness (AMS). DESIGN Two placebo-controlled trials during rapid ascent to high altitude. PARTICIPANTS In the first trial, 20 participants, and in the second trial, 24 participants. ...

STUDY OBJECTIVES 1) To investigate the impact of acetazolamide, a drug commonly prescribed for altitude sickness, on cortical oscillations in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). 2) To examine alterations in the sleep EEG after short-term discontinuation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. DESIGN Data from two double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized cr...