This study was designed to establish the existence of different levels of phonological awareness and their relationship with the mastery of the alphabetic code in Spanish language. The article focusses on two topics which have been the object of research in recent years. The first refers to the study of phonological awareness and the second, to the influence this awareness has on the acquisitio...

Foreign language learners tend to avoid phonological difficulties and simply transfer sounds whether from their L1 or any pre-existing L2. Phonological awareness (PA) gives students an active role in understanding their own potential in improving pronunciation through several methods. However, such methods are likely to be restricted to only passive learning methods, such as repetition, reading...

studies related to the second language acquisition have frequently focused on the role of mother tongue. since the learner’s knowledge in the first language provides a basis to compare it with that of second language, it is assumed that being aware of the learner’s prior knowledge is affective in the syllabus design which itself is a crucial element in teaching. in this study personal pronouns ...

This paper is concerned with the nature and time course of phonetic drift in one’s first language during acquisition of a second language. In a longitudinal study of native English speakers’ acquisition of Korean, 20 late learners produced the same English and Korean items at weekly intervals over the course of intensive beginning Korean language classes. Results of acoustic analyses indicate t...

This review surveys research on second language vocabulary teaching and learning since1999. It first considers the distinction between incidental and intentional vocabulary learning.Although learners certainly acquire word knowledge incidentally while engaged in variouslanguage learning activities, more direct and systematic study of vocabulary is also required.There is a discussion of how word...

Individual differences in second language (L2) aptitude have been assumed to depend upon a variety of cognitive and personality factors. Especially, the cognitive factor phonological working memory has been conceptualised as language learning device. However, strong associations between phonological working memory and L2 aptitude have been previously found in early-stage learners only, not in a...

Conflict of interest: non-existent planning, as well as phonological memory and auditory processing1. Moreover, during this period of language acquisition, in order to acquire the sounds which are part of their environment’s language, the learner uses some repair strategies. These strategies are used as an attempt to adapt the performance of the targetsystem to their phonological system, simpli...

although explicit and implicit knowledge of language learners are essential to theoretical and pedagogical debates in second language acquisition (sla), little research has addressed the effects of instructional interventions on the two knowledge types (r. ellis, 2005).this study examined the relative effectiveness of explicit and implicit types of form-focused instruction (ffi) on the acquisit...