In order to detect ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECR), atmospheric fluorescence light from the trajectory of the extensive air shower may be measured by mirrorphotosensor systems. In this type of experiment the photon yield from electrons exciting air of various densities and temperatures is most fundamental information for estimating the primary energy of UHECR. An experiment has been undert...

Temperature trends in the UTLS region are under-reported, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere, and yet temperature is one of the most important indicators of changes in dynamical and radiative processes in the atmosphere. Here radiosonde data from Durban, South Africa (30.0 S, 30.9 E) over the period 1980 to 2001 (22 years) between 250 and 20 hPa are used to derive a mean temperature climat...

With a ray-tracing procedure and variational data assimilation techniques, it is now possible to make direct use of radio occultation bending angles, rather than their derived temperature and moisture retrievals, in atmospheric data analysis and assimilation. This paper describes results obtained from including more than 800 GPS/MET bending angle profiles, available over an 11-day period, 20–30...

i introduction convective systems are atmospheric events that are associated with hazardous consequences, such as strong wind drafts, lightning, heavy rainfall, hail, or even tornado. they are manifested in the atmosphere within a broad range of spatial and temporal scales. a convection cell is composed of two distinct regions: the actual convective part which consists of the coldest intense ve...

FY-4A GIIRS temperature profile products have provided unprecedented information for studying the atmospheric characteristics of thermal structures since 2020. The main objective this paper is to evaluate by using radiosonde observations and then apply them diagnosis winter precipitation types in southern China. four (clear sky perfect quality, cloudy good quality bad quality) show different pe...

The utility of the thermal wind equation (TWE) in relating tropospheric (850 to 300 hPa) wind and temperature on climatological time scales is assessed, based on data from 59 radiosonde stations in the western tropical Pacific during 1979-2004. Observed longterm mean and seasonal variations closely obey geostrophic balance; incorporating additional (ageostrophic) terms yields negligible improve...

The effect of high temperature annealing of the InAs/ InP quantum dots QDs containing a thin GaAs interlayer is investigated. The QDs are rapid thermally annealed at 750, 800, 850, and 900 °C for 30 s. The QDs with the GaAs interlayer show good thermal stability up to 850 °C as well as enhanced integrated photoluminescence PL intensity and reduced PL linewidth. The effect of high energy 450 keV...

strain induced precipitation in hsla-100 steel was investigated by conducting hotcompression and relaxation tests at temperature range of 850°c to 1100°c and strain rate of 0.001s-1 to 1s-1. the absence of dynamic recrystallization at temperatures below 1000°c was attributedto the influence of dynamic precipitation. the stress relaxation tests showed that strain inducedprecipitation is possible...