In this paper, I explore the application of various random sampling based algorithms to dynamic models of bicycles. Starting with relatively simple 3-dimensional state space models of bicycle and working up to a more realistic 7dimensional model that incorporates skidding, I examine RRT, RG-RRT, RRT*, and LQR-RRT*.

BACKGROUND In intensive care unit (ICU) patients, acute kidney injury treated with renal replacement therapy (AKI-RRT) is associated with adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate variables associated with long-term survival and kidney outcome and to assess the composite endpoint major adverse kidney events (MAKE; defined as death, incomplete kidney recovery, or development of end...

In 2005, the acceptance rate for renal replacement therapy (RRT) in adults in the UK was 108 pmp and this was derived from 100% complete data returns for the UK. From 2001 to 2005 there has been a 7.3% rise in the acceptance numbers in those 42 renal units with full reporting throughout that period. The median age of patients starting RRT in England has increased from 63.8 years in 1998 to 65.2...

In the pre-RRT era, many patients with oliguric ARF died of hyperkalaemia or fluid overload. With the advent of RRT, it quickly became apparent that these complications could be averted or treated by the initiation of RRT1. However, just as in chronic renal failure, precise indications for initiation of RRT have never been established2. In the modern era, it is conventional to initiate RRT when...

BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem in critically ill patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is associated with high mortality, particularly when renal replacement therapy (RRT) is required. Our aim was to investigate the risk factors for AKI requiring RRT (AKI-RRT). METHODS In our retrospective, multi-centre, observational study, we analysed 14,672 consecu...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) independently increases morbidity and mortality in children admitted to the hospital. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is an essential therapy in the setting of AKI and fluid overload. The decision to initiate RRT is complex and often complicated by concerns related to patient hemodynamic and thermodynamic instability. The choice of which RRT modality to use depends on ...

BACKGROUND Avian influenza (AI) caused by H7 AI viruses (AIVs) of both low pathogenicity (LP) and high pathogenicity (HP) are notifiable poultry diseases. OBJECTIVES Design and validate two RealTime reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RRT PCRs) for Eurasian H7 AIV detection and pathotyping. METHODS The H7 RRT PCRs amplified within the (i) HA2 and (ii) cleavage site CS regions ...

Background Patients on chronic intermittent renal replacement therapy (RRT) are at risk for infection with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). However, the impact of RRT on outcomes after CRE infections remains to be defined. Here we perform a comparison of outcomes for CRE-infected patients with preserved renal function compared with CRE-infected patients on RRT. Methods Cases and...

BACKGROUND Elderly patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high risk of death before reaching end-stage kidney disease. In order to allocate resources, such as advanced care nephrology where it is most needed, it is essential to know which patients have the highest absolute risk of advancing to renal replacement therapy (RRT). METHODS We included all nephrology-referred CKD...

OBJECTIVES Describe the incidence, prevalence and survival of patients needing renal replacement therapy (RRT) for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to diabetes mellitus (DM)-related glomerulosclerosis or nephropathy (diabetic nephropathy, DN) in the Netherlands. DESIGN Using the national registry for RRT (RENINE-registry), data of all Dutch individuals initiating RRT for ESRD and having DN ...