Most investigators who have studied ammonia metabolism in liver disease have measured the concentration of ammoniat in whole blood.1'° Only a few authors have used the plasma ammonia concentration.ll" Recently, several cation exchange techniques have been developed that measure the ammonia concentration of plasma.1" There are several theoretical advantages to the use of plasma which compensate ...

BACKGROUND Measurement of pH in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is robust and simple. Acidic source fluid (airway lining fluid) traps bases while volatilising acids, leading to EBC acidification in many lung diseases. Lower airway ammonia is one determinant of airway lining fluid pH, raising the concern that addition of the base ammonia by contamination from the mouth might confound EBC pH assa...

The current study was conducted to determine the LC(50) value of ammonia-N as well as the effects of acute exposure to elevated ammonia on the haemolymph osmolality, ionic composition, ammonia-N and pH levels of early juvenile mud crabs, Scylla serrata. The results show that early S. serrata juveniles have a high 96-h LC(50) value of 95.35 mg/L ammonia-N (6.81 mg/L NH(3)-N) or 6.80 mmol/L total...

Ammonia and urea are the primary forms of nitrogen excretion in teleost fish. There exists, however, a discrepancy between the sum of ammonia plus urea nitrogen and total nitrogen, indicating that 'unknown' nitrogen end products may play an important role in nitrogen metabolism. The current study analysed a wide range of nitrogen end products in both fed and fasted juvenile rainbow trout. Ammon...

This study was accomplished to examine the efficiency of natural zeolite in preventing acute toxicity of total ammonia to Huso huso. The study was performed using Water Static Method in 96 hours. Fish averaged 46 ? 5 g in weight and 22 ? 4 cm in total length were exposed to four different concentrations (15, 30, 50, 75 mgL-1) of ammonia and a group was considered as control. Under stable condit...

In this paper, two different power-to-fuel solutions for sustainable fuel synthesis are investigated from the energetic, environmental, and economic standpoints. Both consider a pressurized PEM electrolysis section, fed by renewable sources, where high purity green Hydrogen is produced. Then, separate processes of distinct chemicals. first case, hydrogen mixed with CO 2 , sequestered an industr...

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) can use oxygen and nitrite as electron acceptors. Nitrite reduction by Nitrosomonas is observed under three conditions: (i) hydrogen-dependent denitrification, (ii) anoxic ammonia oxidation with nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and (iii) NO(x)-induced aerobic ammonia oxidation. NO(x) molecules play an important role in the conversion of ammonia and nitrite by AOB. Absen...

In this work, removal of ammonia from synthetic wastewater using integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The main operating parameters such as ammonia concentration rate (ALR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were optimized to acquire the maximum removal efficiency. The linear, 2FI, quadratic, mean, and cubic models were ut...

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are used in attempts to reduce blood ammonia in patients with cirrhosis and intermittent hepatic encephalopathy based on the hypothesis that BCAA stimulate muscle ammonia detoxification. We studied the effects of an oral dose of BCAA on the skeletal muscle metabolism of ammonia and amino acids in 14 patients with cirrhosis and in 7 healthy subjects by combining...