The relation between Shiʿism and Sufism has been long a matter of discussion among scholars, leading to a spectrum of views: some maintain that the two are identical, and, on the other extreme, some believe that they are totally divergent. However, the love for the Imams of the Shiʿa is shared by all Sufi orders, including the Sufis of Khurasan. As the paragons of spirituality and representativ...

among the most important differences between the sunnīs and shī‘as is the legal obligation of the circumambulation called ṭawāf al-nisā’ in the end of the ḥajj pilgrimage and the consequences of its non-performance. contrary to the shī‘as, the sunnīs’ jurisprudence the have opined the necessity of another circumambulation called ṭawāf al-widā‘ (farewell circumambulation) by putting aside ṭawāf ...

sura al-insan (76) is among suras sent down to praise imam ali and the household of the holy prophet. numerous hadiths, opinions, and sources denote that. however, some sunni sources have ignored that because of treating that sura as being maccan. relying on sunni sources, gathering hadiths and opinions on chronological order of descend of meccan and medinan suras, and hadiths concerning causes...

The article deals with the life and work of Shihabuddin al-Alusi. In particular, al-Alusi, his creative path, teachers students, family, writings are described. addition, religious, political social situation in country where al-Alusi lived. Also main part this article, we see that is a mujtahid scholar who familiar controversial issues different sects follower Shafi school, but most cases he f...

the western symbolism that characterized in france at the late nineteenth century invaded the arabic modern literature and had great effect on development of its forms and genres especially on the theater. actors arose in arab world take principles of symbolism in their productions among them ali oqla orsan who is truly master of writing, presenting and criticism of theater in syria. his symbol...

The present study probed 409 Iranian English as foreign language (EFL) learners' motivation and attitude toward English as an International Language (EIL) by investigating the causal relationships of their facets via Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). To do so, the Persian version of the ‘attitudes toward EIL’ scale was designed and validated. It measures five constructs of: cultural realism, ...