Integrating Interactive Response System (IRS) with a classroom computer is an inexpensive and promising means to overcoming or alleviating obstacles of in-class teacher-student and peer interactions. Unfortunately, such potential applications are often neglected. Accordingly, this study identifies IRS’s features, investigates the merits and limitations of applying existing IRSs to instruction a...

Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is a major substrate of insulin, insulin-like growth factors, and cytokine signaling and plays an important role in mediating apoptosis, cell differentiation, and cell transformation. We found that IRS-1 is constitutively activated in a variety of solid tumors, including breast cancers, leiomyomas, Wilms' tumors, rhabdomyosarcomas, liposarcomas, leiomyosarco...

Serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) inhibits insulin signal transduction in a variety of cell backgrounds, which might contribute to peripheral insulin resistance. However, because of the large number of potential phosphorylation sites, the mechanism of inhibition has been difficult to determine. One serine residue located near the phosphotyrosinebinding (PTB) domain ...

Insulin resistance is a major effect of burn injury and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) plays an important role in signal transduction. Here, we explored the integrity of IRS-1 in muscle after burn injury. A murine model of severe burn injury was used to explore IRS-1 integrity/degradation in muscle and to map Ser/Thr phosphorylations which represent the trigger sites for degradation. The ...

BACKGROUND Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) have been scaled up for malaria prevention in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there are few studies on the benefit of implementing IRS in areas with moderate to high coverage of ITNs. We evaluated the impact of an IRS program on malaria related outcomes in western Kenya, an area of intense perennial malaria transmission ...

IRS-III is the first WSMO compliant system for supporting the Semantic Web Services technologies and it is based on the IRS-II [3]. This paper presents how we integrated the OWL-S [5] service description ontology to IRS-III. We describe how the underlying model of IRS-III supports OWL-S.

Small nuclear RNA and associated lupus autoantigens activate B cells and dendritic cells via Toll-like receptor-7 (TLR-7); therefore, TLR-7 may represent a potential therapeutic target in lupus. MRL lpr mice were administered an injection of either saline or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides with immunoregulatory sequences (IRS) that specifically block signaling via TLR-7 (IRS 661) or via TLR-7 a...

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in the U.S. While many successful treatments exist for primary breast cancer, very few are available for patients with metastatic disease. The purpose of this study was to understand the role of Insulin Receptor Subtrate-2 (IRS-2) in breast cancer metastasis. IRS-2 belongs to the IRS family of cytoplasmic adaptor proteins that mediate sign...

The insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), a docking protein for both the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) and the insulin receptor, is known to send a mitogenic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-differentiation signal. Several micro RNAs (miRs) are suggested by the data base as possible candidates for targeting IRS-1. We show here that one of the miRs predicted by the data base, miR1...