-In this paper, an attempt has been made to establish a market mechanism for primary and secondary frequency regulation services in the restructured power system environment. The concept of elasticity of offer price and elasticity of offer quantity has been proposed. Such a design of offer structure helps the providers to respond to the system requirements based on the market price variations i...

Policymakers in countries around the world are faced with rising health care costs and are debating ways to reform health care to reduce expenditures. Estimates of price elasticity of expenditure are a key component for predicting expenditures under alternative policies. Using unique individual-level data compiled from administrative records from the Chilean private health insurance market, I e...

More than 19 percent of people in American central cities are poor. In suburbs, just 7.5 percent of people live in poverty. The income elasticity of demand for land is too low for urban poverty to come from wealthy individuals’ wanting to live where land is cheap (the traditional explanation of urban poverty). A significant income elasticity for land exists only because the rich eschew apartmen...

— In September 1991 Jamaica liberalized its exchange rate as part of its Structural Adjustment Program (SAP). The sudden and steep devaluation associated with this policy move had serious repercussions for real purchasing power, poverty, general inflation, and food prices, especially staple foods such as rice and flour which are imported. This study evaluates the ‘‘social cost’’ of the liberali...

Abstract: On December 2010, the government of Iran ended the decades-long subsidy program for bread and energy products and launched the Targeted Subsidy Reform program that considerably raised prices of food products. The objective of the study was to measure welfare impacts of food price changes on Iranian urban households between two survey data of 2009/10 and 2011/12 which were taken from I...

almost ideal demand system (aids) and rotterdam model have been employed to (by means of seemingly unrelated regression (sur) estimate the function related to milk and dairy products in the urban societies of iran for years 1982 to 2009. cross and cross price elasticities have been evaluated too. results indicated that during the study period, share of milk products in household budget was more...

W study three determinants of the levels of price and detailing effort across geographic markets: the withinmarket response to each variable, the nature of interfirm strategic interactions both within that market and across markets. We empirically examine the interactions of Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil across the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Italy. Our results indicate ...