Africa has high biodiversity and is rapidly urbanizing. However, there is limited understanding of how urban expansion in Africa is likely to affect its habitats and biodiversity. Little urban ecological research has been done in Africa. This study needs to think ahead as Africa move into the “urban age” it is critical to inform the public on the importance of urban environment...

We study mathematical and algorithmic properties of Lambek’s pregroups and illustrate them by the French noun phrase. An algorithm of complexity 3 n to solve the reduction problem in an arbitrary free pregroup as well as recognition by a pregroup grammar is presented. This algorithm is then specified to run in linear time. A sufficient condition for a language fragment that makes the linear alg...

Today, a major range of studies in architecture and urban design have been devoted to concepts such as place attachment, place identity, and etc. In all these studies, human-human interaction, human-place interaction and the impact of place on people are fundamental subjects of analysis. Place attachment is closely related to satisfaction, emotional characteristics, physical characteristics, at...

There are various methods for stabilizing excavations in urban areas which one of them is the nailing method. Designing a nailing system and analyzing the performance of excavations is done by various software applications. One of these computer programs is PAXIS software which run based on the finite element method (FEM). In the present study, a numerical analysis of the performance of t...

  The study seeks to address the importance of urban stream ecosystems from the perspective of urban ecology, human health and social well-being in the context of urban planning. The case study area is Paveh stream in the City of Paveh. The data from the case study area were gathered from questionnaire, existing scientific and library studies and by conducting interviews with residents and auth...

The issues of loss of quality of life and functional disruption of the river valleys are very important. In the present settlement system, the river valleys should not be places for reproducing poverty. To link the environmental values with urban development, the research is to answer the following question: How can the results of the integrated development of urban valleys be achieved via urba...

  The study seeks to address the importance of urban stream ecosystems from the perspective of urban ecology, human health and social well-being in the context of urban planning. The case study area is Paveh stream in the City of Paveh. The data from the case study area were gathered from questionnaire, existing scientific and library studies and by conducting interviews with residents and auth...