introduction: anterior cruciate ligament (acl) rupture is one of the most common sport injuries. despite present progresses in conservative and surgical treatment methods for acl, the rate of return to pre-injury level (rtp) is low. fear of movement/reinjury (kinesiophobia) is a major hindrance to rtp in these patients. the aim of the following research was to investigate functional tests’ effe...

  The present review classifies and describes the multifactorial causes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery failure, concentrating on preventing and resolving such situations. The article particularly focuses on those causes that require ACL revision due to recurrent instability, without neglecting those that affect function or produce persistent pain. Although primary ACL reconstructio...

BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance (MR) techniques used to detect lesions of the ligament complex for articulation of the ankle lack the desired accuracy for the study of the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL). The lack of sensitivity of the conventional techniques is due to variations in the dimensions of the CFL. The best results are obtained when the image plane is oriented parallel to the ligament. ...

Dallas, Texas Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand the pathomechanical and biochemical basis for thumb trapeziometacarpal joint degeneration. 2. Diagnose and grade trapeziometacarpal joint disease based on presentation, physical examination (including provocative testing), and radiographic evidence. 3. Understand the principles of li...

A retrospective study of 4 cases of frostbite was undertaken to examine causes and to identify related contributory behaviors and circumstances. These patients underwent various surgical interventions before the onset of frostbite during similar postoperative care regimens. Surgical procedures included some of the following in each patient: lateral retinacular release, vastus medialis oblique m...

The prevalence of sports injuries in martial arts is high. Most Taekwondo injuries also occur in the lower extremities. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of a period of plyometric exercises, with and without stretching exercises, on knee valgus dynamics, flexibility and functional variables of elite female taekwondo athletes at risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries.  45 elite...

BACKGROUND There is a lack of consensus regarding the magnitude of load for performing the anterior drawer test in evaluating acute ankle injuries. PURPOSE To determine how much load should be applied during the anterior drawer test to detect the integrity of the anterior talofibular ligament. METHODS First, the anterior-posterior load-displacement response of nine cadaveric ankles was meas...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze the pattern and types of sensory nerve endings in ankle ligaments using immunohistochemical techniques, in order to gain more insight into functional ankle stability. METHODS One hundred forty ligaments from 10 cadaver feet were included: the calcaneofibular and anterior/posterior talofibular ligaments from the lateral complex; inferior extensor...