The Dutch Hunger Winter (1944/45) is the most-studied famine in the literature on long-run effects of malnutrition in utero. Its temporal and spatial demarcations are clear, it was severe, it was not anticipated, and nutritional conditions in society were favorable and stable before and after the famine. This is the first study to analyze effects of in utero exposure on labor market outcomes an...

BACKGROUND Offenders with personality disorder are supported by health, criminal justice, social care and third sector services. These services are tasked with reducing risk, improving health and improving social outcomes. Research has been conducted into interventions that reduce risk or improve health. However, interventions to improve social outcomes are less clearly defined. METHODS To re...

This study seeks to answer three questions: (1) What is the employment outlook for health communication practitioners? (2) What specialized knowledge and skills should a competent health communication practitioner possess? and (3) How much academic training or professional experience is necessary to become a competent health communication practitioner? To this end, 104 employers of health commu...

A compact version of the Variation Evolving Method (VEM) is developed for the optimal control computation. It follows the idea that originates from the continuous-time dynamics stability theory in the control field. The optimal solution is analogized to the equilibrium point of a dynamic system and is anticipated to be obtained in an asymptotically evolving way. With the introduction of a virtu...

This article concisely summarizes data on the action of one of the principal and best known growth factors, the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), in a mammalian organism exposed to radiation doses inducing acute radiation syndrome. Highlighted are the topics of its real or anticipated use in radiation accident victims, the timing of its administration, the possibilities of combinin...

Aim: To explore the consequence of unintended pregnancy, and compare these with real experiences amongst young married women in Nepal. Method: Sample survey of 997 married women and 19 in-depth case histories were studied. Results: The findings suggest that conflicts with spouses and family members, depression, worries or mental tension, loss of education and employment opportunities were the m...

This report briefly describes robot technology and goes into more depth about where robots are used, and some of the anticipated social and economic impacts of their use. A number of short term transitional issues, including problems of potential displacement, are discussed. The ways in which robots may impact the economics of batch production are described. A framework for analyzing the impact...

BACKGROUND Being a parent, especially a custodial parent, living with HIV was anticipated to increase psychological distress and challenges to self-care. METHODS Mental health symptoms, substance use, and health care utilization were assessed among 3818 HIV-infected adults, including custodial parents, noncustodial parents, and nonparents, in 4 AIDS epicenters. RESULTS Custodial parents dem...

Community reintegration of ex-prisoners is an important issue in efforts to reduce recidivism. The present study examined the multiple, complex, and dynamic nature of variables influencing successful reintegration by assessing the type and degree of change in reintegration variables over time. Participants were 79 adult prisoners (54 male, 25 female) who completed a prerelease questionnaire 1 m...

Cognitive rehabilitation therapy is an effective therapeutic program to restore functioning and compensate cognitive deficits of numbers of involved traumatic brain injury individuals as well as many psychiatric patients, of them PTSD in particular. Specific skills and metacognitive strategies help patients to create self-awareness and learn how to monitor these skills. Metacognitive training i...