Relative equilibria of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian systems with symmetry are critical points of appropriate scalar functions parametrized by the Lie algebra (or its dual) of the symmetry group. Setting aside the structures – symplectic, Poisson, or variational – generating dynamical systems from such functions highlights the common features of their construction and analysis, and supports the co...

BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is diagnosed by bone loss using a radiological parameter called T-score. Preclinical studies use DXA to evaluate bone status were the T-score is referenced on bone mineral density (BMD) values of the same animals before treatment. Clinically, the reference BMD represents values of an independent group of healthy patients around 30 years old. The present study established...

introduction: acoustic transient cavitation is the primary mechanism of sonochemical reaction and has potential use for tumor treatment. in this study, the in vivo anti-tumor effect of simultaneous dual-frequency ultrasound at low-level intensity (isata < 6 w/cm2) was investigated in a spontaneous murine model of breast adenocarcinoma in balb/c mice. materials and methods: forty tumor bearing m...

P artial differential equations (PDEs) arise in numerous scientific and engineering applications. Mathematical modeling in various applications often ends up with a set of PDEs. Mathematical techniques can help to understand many crucial properties of the PDEs, such as existence and uniqueness of solutions under suitable initial and/or boundary conditions, and the well-posedness of the problem,...

With current approaches to partial scan, it is di cult, and often impossible, to achieve a speci c level of fault coverage without returning to full scan. In this paper, we introduce a new formulation of the minimum scan chain assignment problem and propose an e ective covering algorithm and test sequence generator SCORCH (Scan Chain Ordering with Reduced Cover Heuristic) to solve it. SCORCH us...

The modeling of thermal reaction furnaces of Sulfur Recovery Units (SRUs) is a rather complex problem since it involves different modeling scales such as the kinetic/molecular scale, the reactor scale, and the chemical process scale. This work introduces the multi-scale modeling approach to characterize the kinetic and reaction engineering scales for the thermal section of SRUs, involving the r...

in the present paper for a large family of topological semigroups, namely foundation semigroups, for which topological groups and discrete semigroups are elementary examples, it is shown that ?(s) is the dual of a function algebra.