The first-return times in the dynamics of a three dimensional pile of rice are measured. Furthermore, the 1/f exponent of the avalanche dynamics is determined. These quantities taken together, are used to check general scaling relations for systems with extremal dynamics exhibiting self-organized criticality. We find that τfirst = 1 + a. Furthermore, we discuss the relation of the 1/f a exponen...

We introduce a general theoretical scheme for a class of phenomena characterized by an extremal dynamics and quenched disorder. The approach is based on a transformation of the quenched dynamics into a stochastic one with cognitive memory and on other concepts which permit a mathematical characterization of the self-organized nature of the avalanche type dynamics. In addition it is possible to ...

Disordered solids respond to quasistatic shear with intermittent avalanches of plastic activity, an example the crackling noise observed in many nonequilibrium critical systems. The temporal power spectrum activity within disordered consists three distinct domains: a novel power-law rise frequency at low frequencies indicating anticorrelation, white-noise intermediate frequencies, and decay hig...

1. introduction mountain regions are increasingly endangered by a variety of disaster, including avalanche, debris flows, and rock slide. some characteristics such as elevation, angle of slope, vegetation and climatic elements could affect the avalanche event. indeed, avalanche is the second factor in soil erosion that causes demolition; therefore, it threatens the food safety. iran has two mai...

Abstract Recent observations in HL-2A tokamak give new experimental evidences of energetic particle mode (EPM) avalanche. In a strong EPM burst, the structure propagates radially outward within two hundred Alfvén time, while frequency dominant changes self-consistently to maximize wave-particle power exchange and growth. This suggests that significant transport occurs this avalanche phase, agre...