Messengers and social media dominate today’s internet usage across the globe. For large population, a typical day starts with messages flooding on mobiles, from simple good morning wishes, business meeting invites, reminders, schedules for list is endless. A striking feature of digital communication variety emojis used, without which text almost look incomplete. Emojis are graphic symbols/logog...

A number of neural network models and training procedures for time series prediction have been proposed in the technical literature. These models studied for different time-variant data sets have typically used uni-directional computation flow or its modifications. In this study, on the contrary, the concept of bi-directional computational style is proposed and applied to prediction tasks. A bi...

In this work, the motion parameters of the bi-directionally predicted pictures (B-pictures) of MPEG-1,2 are exploited for concealment of large portions of corrupted anchor pictures that might arise due to channel errors or packet losses. To further enhance the quality of the concealed anchor pictures, we propose two methods of constraining the motion vectors of the B-pictures that strengthen th...

This paper investigates causal relations between economic growth, income inequality, and transmission channels during the period 1972 to 2016. These channels include saving rate, investment rate, redistribution policies, human capital, and conspicuous consumption. There is no strong evidence that supports uni-directional or bi-directional causality. In addition, some of the transmission channel...

This work intercompared two Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) models, the modified Minnaert's model and the RossThick-LiSparse-R model, in the estimation of the directional emissivity in Middle Infra-Red (MIR) channel from the data acquired by the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infra-Red Imager (SEVIRI) onboard the first Meteosat Second Generation (MSG1). The bi-directional...

In hydro-power systems, the fault of equipment is an important potential threat for safe production electricity. Therefore, automation and intelligence diagnosis becomes popular issue in research on system. this paper, a knowledge graph-based method put forth to diagnose faults occurred since graph can store structured unstructured data better intelligently search reasons faults. First, we mode...