this article presents the application of two algorithms: heuristic big bang-big crunch (hbb-bc) and a heuristic particle swarm ant colony optimization (hpsaco) to discrete optimization of reinforced concrete planar frames subject to combinations of gravity and lateral loads based on aci 318-08 code. the objective function is the total cost of the frame which includes the cost of concrete, formw...

It has always been the focus of tobacco industry to carry out risk investigation standardized management. At present, there are still large management problems in links brand supply, supply distribution retail households, real cigarettes and acquisition cases, which destroys coordination cigarette sales market. With help big data, we can effectively identify supervise illegal business risks, so...

China has long been identifi ed as the most important international cigarette market, now and in the future— O'Sullivan and Chapman called China the " ultimate prize " among the world's emerging tobacco markets [1]. Almost two-thirds of Chinese men (63%), and 3.8% of Chinese women, are smokers [2], giving a total of 350 million smokers in China, with more on the way. Young Chinese women are lik...

Canada has apparently decided to forego updating and enhancing the warning labels on cigarette packs in spite of evidence of their usefulness in the fight against smoking and of years of testing of new messages and images by Health Canada at substantial cost. The war on tobacco is by no means won. It remains one of the most important preventable causes of death, disability and lost quality of l...

The potential of tobacco waste as a viable source of medicinally important flavonoids like rutin has been investigated. Three flavonoids, apigenin, quercetin and rutin, have been isolated from waste tobacco leaves, and their identities have been confirmed by UV-visible, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. By using analytical HPLC, the amount of rutin present in the tobacco leaves, before and after...

Background: Sri Lanka became a signatory to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in September 2003 and ratified in November 2003. Aiming to reduce tobacco burden in Sri Lanka, National Authority on Tobacco and Alcohol Act [NATA] No. 27 was authorized in 2006. The objective of this study was to assess the behavioral changes related to tobacco use among adolescents and young adults fol...

conclusions the results showed that the effect of several psychosocial, behavioral, and demographic risk factors on adolescents' smoking status. thus, design and implementation of interventions based on the results of the present study may be effective in preventing tobacco smoking among adolescents. patients and methods this cross-sectional study was performed on 810 male adolescents recruited...