We have generated a eDNA clone of the MAY isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDY) containing the entire capsid protein coding region. The eDNA was synthesized by the method of Gubler and Hoffman (1) using an oligonucleotide primer (5'-GTCTACCTATTTGG-3') complementary to the 3' terminus of the capsid protein gene of the PAY isolate of BYDY (2). A pUC18 derivative (pMAY1) containing a 3.5 eDN...

Between 2005 and 2008 the prices of rice, wheat and maize were more than doubled (von Braun, 2008). The sudden surge in cereal prices led or was led by major uncertainties to secure staple food supplies in many developing countries, especially in Asia. Several economic and social factors collectively appear to have triggered the unstable supplies of cereal crops during the recent food crisis (H...

Problems associated with annual grain agriculture, such as soil erosion and water and air pollution, indicate that reliance on annual grain production is a fundamental problem of current agricultural practice (23). Annual plant roots are less efficient micromanagers of water, soil, and soil nutrients than their perennial counterparts, resulting in nutrient and pesticide contamination of water s...

and range from 0.50 to 0.93 (Baker and McKenzie, 1972; Branson and Frey, 1989b; Brown et al., 1974; Schipper Increases in the groat (caryopsis)-oil content of oat (Avena sativa and Frey, 1991b). Genotype 3 environment interaction L.) raise the energy value of oat grain. Nine cycles of recurrent phenotypic selection for high groat-oil content were conducted in a genetifor groat-oil content is no...

vars had greater grain yield than their component pure lines on average. Furthermore, they reported that blend Genetically diverse plant populations may be better able to exploit response varied among different combinations of culecological resources and reduce interplant competition than genetitivars. cally homogeneous populations. Cultivar blends can have greater proMost oat, soybean, and whe...

The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) in mid-ninety’s added a new dimension in the regulation of gene expression by different types of RNA. It soon caught the worldwide attention and a number of reviews have been published to describe the RNAi phenomenon both in plants and animals. The technology became a powerful tool to understand the functions of individual genes and also proved useful fo...