aqu (大曲) was a genre of entertainment music popular in China from the Han dynasty to the Song dynasty. While da (大) in Chinese means large or great, qu (曲) means a song, or more generally, a piece of music. As its name implies, a daqu was always a long, multisectional piece of music performed in a grand style uniting singing of poetic verses, instrumental playing, and dancing together, and the ...

Yuan Dynasty was an era with austere political reality and thinking reality. As a result of despisement to ruling of different races, a large majority of scholars in Yuan Dynasty chose seclusion without other choice, but the “internal beauty” they pursued was amazingly unanimous, which was, without doubt, owing to the spirit of the mountains and forests. When they tried to find enjoyment in pai...

at present, faryomad is one of the valleys in mayami county from shahrood city that is situated at the eastern part of semnan province (iran). according to hamdolah mostofi, a historian, this city was the capital of jovein county at 8th hegira century (15th ad century). during ilkhanates dynasty, this city was highly credible for several reasons. name of this city has been implied in historical...

Since the Western Jin period, Buddhism has confronted bureaucratic power within architectural landscape. In this study, historical records and archaeological reports of two Buddhist temples—the Siyuan Temple 思遠佛寺 built during reign Tuoba Hong 拓跋宏 Emperor Xiaowen 孝文帝 Northern Wei dynasty, Zhaoren 昭仁寺, Li Shimin 李世民 Taizong 唐太宗 Tang dynasty—were examined. A comparison was made temples’ geographic...

T H E Q I N state's conquests of its neighbors and the unified empire that emerged were built on a foundation of reforms that Shang Yang, a minister from the state of Wey, carried out in the years following 359 B.C. His radical, thoroughgoing transformations of Qin military and civil life grew out of practices that were first pioneered in Qi and in Jin and its successors. Internecine wars among...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of malocclusion in modern population is higher than that in the excavated samples from the ancient times. Presently, the prevalence of juvenile malocclusion in the early stage of permanent teeth is as high as 72.92% in China. This study aimed to observe and evaluate the prevalence and severity of malocclusions in a sample of Xia Dynasty in China, and to compare these f...

South Korea came into being as the result of the partition of what had been, prior to the early twentieth century, the ancient kingdom of Chosun.1 This partition into a communist North and a noncommunist South occurred shortly after the defeat of Japan in World War II in late 1945. Korea had been involuntarily absorbed into Japan in 1910, following more than a decade of Japanese domination afte...