CONTEXT A central tenet of Alzheimer disease (AD) is the loss of cortical cholinergic function and cholinergic markers in postmortem brain specimens. Whether these profound deficits in cholinergic markers found in end-stage patients are also found in patients with much earlier disease is not known. OBJECTIVE To determine whether cholinergic deficits in AD precede, follow, or occur in synchron...

BACKGROUND Antibodies (Abs) produced during HIV-1 infection rarely neutralize a broad range of viral isolates; only eight broadly-neutralizing (bNt) monoclonal (M)Abs have been isolated. Yet, to be effective, an HIV-1 vaccine may have to elicit the essential features of these MAbs. The V genes of all of these bNt MAbs are highly somatically mutated, and the V(H) genes of five of them encode a l...

Communications service providers (CSPs) are being pushed to the lower end of the value chain by standalone, over-the-top (OTT) players and Internet of Things (IoT)—which are able to establish direct customer touch points. However, there is a proven methodology for CSPs to transform and migrate their data assets into the digital landscape to meet their business objectives. Business Imperatives f...

Due to increased demand of orthodontic treatment amongst adult patients there has been a rise in the development of methods to accelerate the orthodontic tooth movement and reduce the overall treatment time. Various methods have been introduced to enhance the rate of tooth movement which include the use of low-level laser therapy, pulsed electromagnetic fields, electrical currents, Surgical mea...

and lactating women and their newborn infants, is a global public health problem, not only in the developing countries but also amongst the developed countries of the world. The Institute of Medicine, USA defines vitamin D insufficiency as 25 (OH) D levels of 10-19 ng/mL and deficiency as < 10ng/mL. In contrast, the Endocrine Society (US) defines vitamin D insufficiency as 25 (OH) D levels of 2...

How does responsible digital innovation become an accepted and desired practice for businesses? Drawing on the case of Corporate Digital Responsibility (CDR), we study how institutional entrepreneurs across different fields construct CDR as issue to legitimize corporate commitment innovation. Our qualitative from Germany suggests that entrepreneurship entails discursive, relational material leg...

AIMS To compare stereophotographic and monophotographic optic disc assessments made using a digital optic disc stereo camera. METHODS Stereo digital optic disc photographs of 150 selected patients who had presented to a glaucoma clinic were assessed by two masked observers on separate occasions using (1) the stereophotographs and a stereoviewer, (2) a single image from the same stereopair. Re...

Transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes by DNA methylation occurs in cancer cell lines and in human tumors. This has led to the pursuit of DNA methyltransferase inhibition as a drug target. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine [5-aza-CdR (decitabine)], a potent inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase, is a drug currently in clinical trials for the treatment of solid tumors and leukemia. The efficacy o...

It remains unclear to what extent drugs targeting transcriptional repressor complexes affect global gene expression in cells derived from target and nontarget human tissues. To address this question, we used genome-wide expression analysis using microarrays to analyze the response of three tumor and one normal epithelial cell line to treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-d...

Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is an aggressive and life-threatening vascular disease and there is no effective means of early diagnosis of dissection. Type IV collagen (Col-IV) is a major component of the sub-endothelial basement membrane, which is initially exposed followed by endothelial injury as early-stage event of TAD. So, we want to build a noninvasive diagnostic method to detect earl...