1-Carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride {[cmmim]Cl} is utilized as a highly efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes by the condensation reaction of indole with arylaldehydes under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. In summary, the presented method have several advantages including simplicity, low cost, generality, efficiency, clean reaction profi...

A highly efficient, simple and clean solvent-free protocol for the synthesis of polyhydroquinolines is described. The one-pot multi-component condensation reaction between arylaldehydes, dimedone (5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione), β-ketoesters and ammonium acetate in the presence of catalytic amount of (2.5 mol%) melamine trisulfonic acid (MTSA) as a recyclable, green and attractive sulfonic ...

International markets for tradable emission permits (TEP) co-exist with national energy taxation. A firm trading emission permits in the international market also pays energy taxes in its host country, thus creating an interaction between the international TEP-market and national energy taxes. In this paper we model that interaction in a framework of a perfectly competitive international TEP-ma...

This paper considers environmental R&D (ER&D) of clean technology for reducing pollutant emissions in a polluting mixed duopoly and analyzes partial privatization’s impacts on ER&D, environment welfare. In the situation that taxes are exogenously given, it finds privatization policy ER&D critically depend level damage. However, regardless marginal damage, an appropriate partial-privatization ca...

This article studies the environmental and societal impacts of a polluting monopoly when society strives for clean environment. Two scenarios are considered: (1) government levies an tax to induce investment in emission-reducing technology, (2) monopolist engages corporate social responsibility (CSR). It is shown that taxation has lower impact, but undertakes CSR activities only if abatement te...