BACKGROUND Infection rates for many infectious diseases have declined over the past century. This has created a cohort effect, whereby older individuals experienced a higher infection rate in their past than younger individuals do now. As a result, age-stratified seroprevalence profiles often differ from what would be expected from constant infection rates. METHODS Here, we account for the co...

background hiv and hcv infections are basic issues of many health systems. since hiv and hcv are transmitted similarly, it is common to become infected by them simultaneously. no consensus exists on the effect of hcv infection on the survival of hiv-infected patients. objectives this study aimed to investigate the issue in a relatively large cohort of patients who had a high prevalence of this ...

Cohort analysis has become a popular method of examining national trends in suicide rates. Most of the studies investigating this phenomenon have reported a cohort effect to be present. Using a graphical approach, this paper places cohort analysis within the broader framework of age-period-cohort analysis. It is shown that published reports may have failed to identify cohort effects due to usin...

background pancreatic cancer (pc) is classified as one of the most deadly cancers. since the role of diet in modifying the effects of known risk factors of pc has been well established, exploring the dietary intakes in relation to the etiology of pc can be useful for elucidating the mechanisms of the disease progression. methods and materials this study was conducted within the golestan prospec...

conclusions the prevalence of predominant breastfeeding during the first month postpartum is high in shahroud. interventions to strengthen adherence to who guidelines for breastfeeding should be considered. breastfeeding education providers at the hospitals should emphasize the effects of formula on breastfeeding continuation at early postpartum. background the introduction of fluids to infants...

anxiety may negatively affect the course of coronary artery disease (cad). the aim of this study was to assess which factors are associated with anxiety in young adults with cad. a cohort of individuals with premature coronary artery disease was formed between 2004-2011, as the tehran heart center's premature coronary atherosclerosis cohort (thc-pac) study. patients (men≤45-year-old, and women≤...

conclusions due to the scarcity of studies related to some dairy subgroups, it is not possible to make a final judgment about their effects on the risk of diabetes; therefore, more studies need to be conducted on this issue. results out of 1391 articles, 13 (covering 421,421 people) were introduced to the current meta-analysis. the findings showed that the consumption of yoghurt and cream has p...