Offense-defense theory offers an optimistic view of international politics based on the argument that war can be prevented if defense gains an advantage over offense. It also argues that an effective arms control can reduce the risk of arms races and war. The theory has been useful in foreign policy analysis and in international relations scholarship since it is used to explain theoretical and ...

emergence of new geopolitical affairs in the important and sensitive places of the world, like the middle east, balkan, central asia (caucasus zone) and… has caused emergence of a new trend of so called cold war with variables like the expansion of nato to the east, the u.s. missile defense shield, georgia’s events, the prevalent problems of the middle east, those of pakistan and afghanistan, o...

war and conflicts within and among third world countries and between them and western countries, despite the end of the cold war, continues to produce fear and threat, violence, insecurity and instability. they are some of the most important causes of pain and misery of peoples, together with immense human, social, economic and developmental costs, with vast and durable consequences, in deepest...

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:0in">In the pre-Independence era, our
 republic founders held Cold War mindset strongly. Consequently, the
 Indonesian proclaimed in 1945 was based on a mindset; state philosophy (<i>Pancasila</i>) and Constitution (<i>UUD '45</i>) were
 understood construed discourse basis; binary
 oppositions of capitali...