the curriculum development for arabic language skills needs to needs analysis (na) and situation analysis (sa). na examines the linguistic needs and sa examines non-linguistic factors such as societal factors, project factor, institutional factors, teacher factors, learner factors. this work examines the teachers and learners' perceptions as part of the teacher factors and learner factors,...

The present study investigated the potential role of tasks in engaging Iranian EFL learners in task-supported language learning, affecting on learner-centered instruction and the correspondence between the objectives and contents in current pre-university English course book (Learning to Read English for Pre-University Students). To do this, 100 Iranian EFL teachers of pre-university grade were...

This paper investigates the development of experience-based meaning creation and explores the problem of establishing successful communication systems in a population of agents. The aim of the work is to investigate how such systems can develop, without reliance on phenomena not found in actual human language learning, such as the explicit transmission of meaning or the provision of reliable er...

Michael Tomasello’s influential model of language development (Tomasello, 2000; Tomasello, 2003) emphasises the role of infants’ pragmatic understanding of the world in supporting their learning of language. For all humans, whether adult or child, language has a pragmatic function: we communicate linguistically in order to further social goals (for instance to share our beliefs and desires with...

The present study investigated the potential role of tasks in engaging Iranian EFL learners in task-supported language learning, affecting on learner-centered instruction and the correspondence between the objectives and contents in current pre-university English course book (Learning to Read English for Pre-University Students). To do this, 100 Iranian EFL teachers of pre-university grade were...

Speech-enabled dialogue systems developed within an iCALL framework offer a potentially powerful tool for dealing with the challenges of teaching/learning an endangered language where learners have limited access to native speaker models of the language and limited exposure to the language in a truly communicative setting. This paper explores the major potential of virtual conversational agent ...

There is substantial variation in language experience between learners, yet there is surprising similarity in the language structure they eventually acquire. While it is possible that this canalisation of language structure may be due to constraints imposed by modulators, such as an innate language system, it may instead derive from the broader, communicative environment in which language is ac...