Purpose: The present study aimed to review the effect of dehydration during Ramadan fasting on the health and ocular parameters leading to changes in eye function. Methods: Articles included in the study were taken from Pub Med, Ovid, Web of Science and Google Scholar up to 2014.Related articles were also obtained from scientific journals in fasting and eye. Results: Dehydration and nutrition c...

musculocutaneous pedicled/ free flaps are an essential prerequisite for reconstructive surgery. amongst the trunk muscles commonly harvested for flaps, the trapezius and rectus abdominis provide satisfactory coverage for cranial and trunk defects. unilateral/ bilateral or partial congenital absence of trapezius muscle is well documented and may result in muscular imbalances compromising posture...

PURPOSE Our aim was to obtain a complete description of the interactions of rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses with the optics of normal eyes. METHODS We measured total and anterior-surface aberrations in four subjects, who were all long-term RGP contact lens wearers. The anterior-surface wave aberration was obtained from videokeratographic elevation maps, and ocular wave aberration was...

Coding head movement involves representing the head’s velocity and axis of rotation. The neural representation can then be used to inform perceptual and motor processes. An important motor response to head movement is the compensatory eye movements evoked, one component of which is the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). Historically a three-neuron arc has been described as the core of the neural me...

To provide an animal model of human exotropia, a free tenotomy of the medial recti was performed in two infant macaques. When the animals were old enough to record eye movements with video eye trackers, we measured their ductions, ocular alignment, comitance, smooth pursuit, fixation preference, and gaze stability. Partial recovery of adduction occurred in each monkey from spontaneous re-attach...

The dynamic response properties of horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) were characterized in 216 human subjects ranging in age from 7 to 81 y. The effects of aging on VOR dynamics and parameter distributions that describe VOR responses to caloric and to sinusoidal rotational stimuli were determined in a putatively normal population. Caloric test parameters showed no consistent trend with a...

Visual processing is highly sensitive to stimulus orientation; for example, face perception is drastically worse when faces are oriented inverted vs. upright. However, stimulus orientation must be established in relation to a particular reference frame, and in most studies, several reference frames are conflated. Which reference frame(s) matter in the perception of faces? Here we describe a sim...

The ocular counterroll (OCR) reflex generates partially compensatory torsional eye movements during static head roll tilt. We assessed the influence of age, viewing distance and target complexity on the OCR across the age span (13-63 years; n=47), by recording eye movements during head-on-body roll tilt (0+/-40 degrees in 5 degrees steps) while subjects viewed simple vs. complex targets at 0.33...

background: the diagnosis of toxocariasis heavily depends on immunological tests because the number of parasites is usually few in infected tissues, unless they migrate into an organ such as eye. in general, patients with ocular toxocariasis have serum anti- t canis antibody titres that are significantly lower than those with visceral toxocariasis. objective: to diagnose the asymptomatic toxoca...