Recent interest in lithium-ion batteries for electric and hybrid vehicles, satellite, defense, and military applications has increased the demand on the computational efficiency of lithium-ion battery models. This paper presents an effective approach to simulate physics based lithium-ion battery models in real-time milliseconds for simulation and control in hybrid environments. The battery mode...

Although ecological researchers consistently find high rates of crime and violence within socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods, there is little consensus as to why this pattern exists. To address this question, we use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n = 12,747) to examine three related research questions. Are neighborhood characteristics associated with ...

Ice clouds in the Earth's upper troposphere can form via homogeneous nucleation of ice in aqueous droplets. In this study we investigate the crystallisation, or lack of crystallisation, of the solute phase and ice in aqueous (NH(4))(3)H(SO(4))(2)/H(2)O and NH(4)HSO(4)/H(2)O droplets. This is done using in situ X-ray diffraction of emulsified solution droplets mounted on a cold stage. From the d...

2014 A theory is developed on the rotational relaxation time 03C4r of rigid rod-like molecules in concentrated solutions. The result is 03C4r oc c2 L9(03B1 cL2 d)-2 (In (L/d))-1 , where c is the concentration of rods, L and d are the rod length and diameter respectively and 03B1 is a certain numerical factor. This relaxation time is related to the static viscosity and is found to be in good agr...

We report the elaboration of a hybrid mesophase combining the lamellar order of a lyotropic system of nonionic surfactant and the nematic order of a concentrated solution of inorganic nanorods confined between the surfactant layers. Highly aligned samples of this mesophase can be obtained by thermal annealing, and the orientation of the nanorods is readily controlled with a magnetic field. High...

We have analyzed spectra of the Galactic black hole GX 339−4 obtained through simultaneous 76 ksec XMMNewton/EPIC-pn and 9 ksec RXTE observations during a bright phase of its 2002–2003 outburst. An extremely skewed, relativistic Fe Kα emission line and ionized disk reflection spectrum are revealed in these spectra. Selfconsistent models for the Fe Kα emission line profile and disk reflection sp...