The clumping index (CI) quantifies the foliage grouping within distinct canopies relative to randomly distributed canopies, which plays an important role in vegetation radiative regime. Among structure parameters, global CI map can be retrieved by using multiangle remote sensing observations. bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF)/Albedo product (MCD43) of Moderate-Resolution Im...

In this paper, we present a statistical criterion for accepting/rejecting the pairwise reciprocal comparison matrices in the analytic hierarchy process. We have studied the consistency in random matrices of different sizes. We do not agree with the traditional criterion of accepting matrices due to their inflexibility and because it is too restrictive when the size of the matrix increases. Our ...

the effect of addition of qodumeh shahri (lepidium perfoliatum) seed gum on the emulsion properties were investigated in this study. l. perfoliatum seed gum with 0-0.6% (w/w) concentration was used together with 2% (w/w) wpc to emulsify 20% (w/w) corn oil. the emulsion was analyzed for emulsion stability, particle size, specific surface area, particle size distribution and rheological propertie...

the effect of the operating conditions (temperature, time, ph, enzyme level and pulp consistency) used in the enzymatic step of a xp (cartazyme-hydrogen peroxide) sequence for bleaching kraft pulp from bagasse on various properties of the resulting pulp and paper sheet products was studied. the quality of bagasse used, was examined by its yield, brightness,viscosity and the kappa number. finall...

the objective of this work was to develop bioadhesive topical gel of aceclofenac with the help of response-surface approach. experiments were performed according to a 3-level factorial design to evaluate the effects of two independent variables [amount of poloxamer 407 (pl-407 = x1) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose k100 m (hpmc = x2)] on the bioadhesive character of gel, rheological property o...

Background Even though there are many patient organizations across Europe, their role in impacting health policy decisions and reforms has not been well documented. In line with this, the present study endeavours to fill this gap in the international literature. To this end, it aims to validate further a previously developed instrument (the Health Democracy Index - HDI) measuring patient organi...

The consistency test is one of the critical components both in AHP and ANP. It is necessary to make sure if the judgment result is accuracy and reliable. This paper stated a specific process of consistency test in ANP with group judgment under intuitionistic fuzzy environment. A two steps de-fuzzification technique with intuitionistic fuzzy number reduction and generalized mean computation is p...

This paper defines local aversion to a risk index. I show that the local aversion to the Aumann and Serrano [2008] index of riskiness coincides with absolute risk aversion, and that the same applies for the Foster and Hart [2009] measure of riskiness. Using this “local consistency” I offer a new approach for axiomatizing the Aumann and Serrano index of riskiness and present other applications o...