Environmental studies of motor vehicles typically focus on air pollution or noise, but ignore water pollution. In this paper, we examine some of the impacts of motor vehicle transportation on non-point source and on groundwater pollution. Our estimates of the present value of costs for cleaning up leaking underground storage tanks and for controlling highway runoff for major arterials range fro...

We use evidence from a natural experiment in Greece to study the effect of the announcement of austerity measures on road traffic accidents (RTAs). We use daily RTA data from 2010 and 2011, during which a number of austerity measures were announced, including salary and pension cuts and an increase in direct and indirect taxes. We find that controlling for other factors potentially influencing ...

This paper examines the intertemporal relation between downside risk and expected stock returns. Value at Risk (VaR), expected shortfall, and tail risk are used as measures of downside risk to determine the existence and significance of a risk-return tradeoff. We find a positive and significant relation between downside risk and the portfolio returns on NYSE/AMEX/Nasdaq stocks. VaR remains a su...

Measures from the Social Context Module of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used on 2 population-based health surveys in Hawaii to explicate the role of the nonmedical and social determinants of health; these measures were also compared with conventional socioeconomic status (SES) variables. Results showed that the self-reported SE...

Coal rock massif hydro-treating methods accompanied by crack initiation and propagation under influence of injected fluid pressure applied for preventing gas-dynamic phenomena are studied in the article. The perspectives applying acoustic controlling process formation effective preventive measures also studied.

The broad concept of patient reported outcome measures (PROM) includes measurements reported by those who have a disease. These cover a spectrum that ranges from evaluating symptoms, adherence to treatment, functional capacity, health status and quality of life to quality of care aspects.1 In the mid 1970s a movement began to include the perspective of the patient as part of the necessary asses...

pollution sources into the water, the necessity of qualitative studies of water resources is one of the most important new challenges for mankind in almost every parts of the world. dissolved oxygen (do) and biochemical oxygen demand (bod) are among parameters of water quality indexes which are considered as water pollution indexes. in the present research, do and bod of dez river basin water (...