Characteristics of sugar snap and chocolate chip cookies, and hazelnut biscuits made from refrigerated and frozen dough were studied. Doughs were stored at 4 °C for 6 weeks and at –18 °C for 6 months, respectively. Physical characteristics of the biscuit samples such as spread, baking loss, surface colour and density were determined. Dough colour was not affected by storage time and temperature...

Since WLAN (Wireless LAN: IEEE802. 11b) systems shares the 2.4 GHz frequency band with microwave ovens, interference caused by the radiated noise from the ovens is a serious problem. This paper proposes the use of adaptive filters to suppress the microwave oven interference in DS-SS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) WLAN links. This method is based on the fact that an oven noise can be regarded...

Suppose that a bakery is interested in studying the effects of three different sugar substitutes on the optimal baking time of birthday cakes. To perform the study, the baker wishes to bake several cakes using each of the three substitutes, as well as real sugar, and determine the time to browning for each cake. Unfortunately, the baker knows the the exact oven temperature can effect the length...

Mammalian cell mutagenesis, transformation and skin tumorigenesis assays show similar results in comparing the potencies of diesel, coke oven, roofing tar and cigarette smoke particulates. These assay results are reasonably consistent with the comparative carcinogenic potencies of coke oven and roofing tar emissions as determined by epidemiological studies. The bacterial mutagenesis assay tends...

Introduction: Recent increase of endocrine disorders may be correlated to the increased exposure to electromagnetic fields from various instruments. Radiation leakage from microwave oven may be harmful for users. Ladies have the highest levels of contact with microwave ovens. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of radiation leakage from microwave oven on body weight, cortisol a...

Air pollution in Poland and particularly in Silesia is among the worst in Europe. Many coal mines and coke oven plants are located in this area, representing a major source of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We quantitated the PAH exposure level in air samples using personal sampling devices, collected urine samples from the same individuals, and measured 1-hydroxypyrene w...

The danger excessive coking pressure poses to the integrity and longevity of coke ovens has been recognized for many years [1-7]. During carbonisation in a coke oven fissures in the coke are generated due to stresses that arise from the differential contraction rates in adjacent layers of coke, which are at different temperatures [8]. Typically they are longitudinal, i.e. perpendicular to the o...

Curing of composite material parts often rely on slow cure cycles to manage exotherms and avoid hot or cold spots in the part. This is especially true for larger, thicker and/or geometrically complex parts, which suffer from unevenness heating between different regions part stemming thickness variations made worse by use convection ovens autoclaves. An alternative technology moulding using heat...