Coiled tubing (CT) is used as a velocity string to transport high-velocity gas in drainage recovery technology. Sand particles flowing at high speed can cause serious erosion of the pipe wall. Long-term wear leads degradation strength and even local perforation. In order study problem CT, gas–solid experimental device was established for full-size with different radii curvature. A 3D laser conf...

T. Ribot's (1881) law of retrograde amnesia states that brain damage impairs recently formed memories to a greater extent than older memories, which is generally taken to imply that memories need time to consolidate. A. Jost's (1897) law of forgetting states that if 2 memories are of the same strength but different ages, the older will decay more slowly than the younger. The main theoretical im...

Several authors have proposed mechanical models to predict long term tooth movement considering both the tooth and its surrounding bone tissue as isotropic linear elastic materials coupled to either an adaptative elasticity behavior or an update of the elasticity constants with density evolution. However, tooth movements obtained through orthodontic appliances result from a complex biochemical ...

The evolution of plastic deformation and damage in steel frame buildings caused by seismic action is simulated based on a modified damage model. This model combines nonlinear isotropic and kinematic hardening criteria with a damage evolution law expressed in terms of plastic displacement. A nine-story steel frame is chosen as a reference structure, and a nonlinear damage analysis is performed u...

It is proposed to identify damage variables and their growth with loading in two dimensions by only using full-field displacement measurements. The equilibrium gap method is used to estimate the damage field during a biaxial experiment on a sample made of a composite material. From the analysis of a sequence of measurements, a proposed form of constitutive law is tested and identified. The emph...

Single and multiple pulse laser damage studies are performed in Suprasil silica and BK-7 borosilicate glasses. Experiments are made in the bulk of materials at 1.064microm with nanosecond pulses, using an accurate and reliable measurement system. By means of a statistical study on laser damage probabilities, we demonstrate that the same nano-precursors could be involved in the multiple shot and...

The state’s liability for damages in the field of climate change remains one those areas international law that has not yet been comprehensively regulated. At present, Warsaw International Mechanism Loss and Damage, specific to norms law, is an alternative general principles regulating responsibility compensation issues states sphere law. application customary legal mechanisms relation damage c...

We obtain the Paris law of fatigue crack propagation in a disordered solid using a fuse network model where the accumulated damage in each resistor increases with time as a power law of the local current amplitude. When a resistor reaches its fatigue threshold, it burns irreversibly. Over time, this drives cracks to grow until the system is fractured in two parts. We study the relation between ...

This paper estimated the effects of tort law and insurer investment returns on physician malpractice insurance premiums. Data were collected on tort law from 1991 through 2004, and multivariate regression models, including fixed effects for state and year, were used to estimate the effect of changes in tort law on medical malpractice premiums. The premium consequences of national policy changes...