محمود عباسی
دکترای تخصصی حقوق پزشکی، دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات اخلاق و حقوق پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
[ 1 ] - مقایسة دو رویکرد سخنرانی و یادگیری الکترونیکی بر یادگیری شناختی براساس نظریۀ بلوم
مقدمه: نیاز روزافزون به فنون نوین آموزش الکترونیکی و مجازی در علوم پزشکی به‌صورتی که بتوان بدون محدودیت زمانی در هر نقطه از امکانات کامل آموزشی استفاده کرد، هر روز بیشتر از قبل احساس می‌شود. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر آموزش مبتنی بر وب بر روی یادگیری شناختی در درس روش تحقیق کارشناسان بهداشت دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک در سال 1393 است. روش‌ها:پژوهش حاضر مطالعه‌ای کارآزمایی بالینی و به‌صورت parall...
[ 2 ] - مروری بر مفهوم و ساختارحقوق باروری و جنسی در اسناد بین المللی حقوق بشر
مقدمه: ناخوشی های ناشی از نقض حقوق باروری و جنسی، بخش قابل توجهی از بار بیماری ها در زنان و مردان سنین باروری را در جهان به خود اختصاص می دهد. با توجه به نو ظهور بودن مفهوم، وسعت ساختار و چالش های موجود در تحقق حقوق باروری و جنسی، مطالعه حاضر با هدف مروری بر تاریخچه، مفهوم و مهمترین اجزای ساختاری حقوق باروری و جنسی در راستای افزایش آشنایی ارائه دهندگان خدمات سلامت انجام شد. روش کار: دراین مطالع...
[ 3 ] - تحلیل ضمان قهری مشاور ژنتیک در رابطه با خطای تشخیص قبل از تولد
Genetic technology in the field of medical science has been one of the great revolutions which it is in progress in molecular and cellular biology and the human genome project. The progress in genetic testing gives people the authority to prevent that certain diseases and also prevent the birth of children with rare genetic disorders. With the advancement of the science, genetic counselors are ...
[ 4 ] - حمایت حقوقی از ابداعات فناوری سلول‌های بنیادی جنینی در نظام حق اختراع
Research and experimentation on embryonic stem cells has opened new horizons in different fields of medical science. The particular characteristic of these cells in its ability to produce different body cells has raised the hopes for treating a wide range of diseases and repairing damaged tissues. Alongside the progress in research and technology, a variety of legal challenges have also been po...
[ 5 ] - کاهش جنین و مسؤولیت مدنی ناشی از آن
Fetal reduction, as one of the most valuable achievements of mankind, is a new phenomenon and there are legal gapes in regard to difference aspects of it. Therefore, it is not clear if fetal reduction is permissible. This Article tries to answer whether fetal redaction entails civil responsibility from sharia and the law’s standpoint. According to the data gathered, parents of a fetus and...
[ 6 ] - جراحی زیبایی و شرایط معافیت پزشک از مسؤولیت کیفری
Reconstructive surgery is the center of attentions as a form of plastic surgeries because of a development in Rhinoplasty surgeries and mostly for restoration of damaged or unconventional organs and due to changing of life style and social values. Meanwhile there are double complexities for medical responsibilities in reconstructive surgeries and a common idea about non-therapeutic and unnecess...
[ 7 ] - حق فرزندآوری زوج‌های دارای معلولیت ژنتیکی در اسناد بینالمللی حقوق بشر و نظام حقوقی ایران
This article has aimed to analyzing right to childbearing of couples who due to having faulty genes, the risk of similar disorders for their children is high. In other words given that when the parents suffer genetic disorder simultaneously the risk of similar disorders for their children is high, could we prevent them from natural childbearing? It is evident that this question is apart from th...
[ 8 ] - مطالعه تطبیقی رابطه حقوقی انسان با بافت‌ها و نمونه‌های آزمایشگاهی
Recent advances of biotechnology in the cellular and genetic science have cause unpredictable challenges in the right of people in dominion and control over their body parts and tissues. The ability to study the genetic components of human tissues has increased their scientific importance and in return commercial exploitation of human tissue and samples has become one of the most urgent issues ...
[ 9 ] - مفهوم و جایگاه حق بر سلامت در نظام حقوقی ایران
The right to health as an inherent right means that everyone has the right to have access to the highest standard of physical and mental health concluding medical care, public health, adequate food, adequate housing, clean environment and healthy workplace. Different aspects of health and health-related fields of various factors affecting on it cause it difficult to define. States are required ...
[ 10 ] - اجرای احکام کیفری نسبت به مجنون در حقوق کیفری ایران
Insanity of accused is one of the problems which may happen In the process of criminal procedure. As insanity removing criminal responsibility and the insane person has no comprehension of what he /she has been committed, this issue is truly important and Depending on which phase that accused become mad and insane, judicial decision would be different, it may be amount to writ of order of prose...
[ 11 ] - بررسی ماهیت و ضوابط حاکم بر دادگاه‌های درمان‌مدار مواد مخدر
Addiction, which offends social and moral norms, has been considered as a criminal phenomenon in most of the countries all over the world and has been confronted by various punishment mechanisms which fluctuate from fine and imprisonment to sever punishments such as execution. Dominant approach toward addiction has been considered as "strict" on the part of the states involved employi...
[ 12 ] - حمایت قانونی از اطلاعات ژنتیکی؛ ساختارها و رویکردها
Human Genetic Data is the key of most medical improvements. So it’s used in many researches in recent years and this has caused many legal and ethical issues. All of solutions are coming from this question that what is the legal relationship with their genetic information and what rights they can have that must be supported by legislator and respected by researchers. With the analysis of ...
[ 13 ] - آگاهی مردان شاغل مبتلا به اچ. آی. وی/ ایدز از قوانین و مقررات کار و تأمین اجتماعی
Background and aim: HIV positive patients encounter a number of social problems in Iran such as discrimination or rejection at their workplace. Lack of knowledge about labour and social security regulations (LSS) among these sufferers make them incapable of restoring their rights. The main objective of this study is to measure the level of awareness of LSS laws among the HIV-positiv...
[ 14 ] - جراحی ارتوپدی و مسؤولیت های ناشی از آن در نظام حقوقی ایران
The Medical liability like any other liability includes civil and criminal liabilities. The nature of medical practices is so that the possibility of the occurrence of damage is unavoidable therein. All the patients have the right to expect a standard medical treatment from the physicians. But, this does not mean that the physicians should guarantee for the patients a satisfactory treatment res...
[ 15 ] - خودداری از کمک به مصدومین و مسؤولیت‌های ناشی از آن
To help the injured and eliminate physical risks is one of the issues that the legislator has emphasizes on it as a moral duty and has considered its violation as a crime. In this context the physician is exceptional, because not only the legislator has determined his/her responsibility but also the physician has taken over this duty as an ethical principle and he / she do the best efforts for ...
[ 16 ] - سلامت الکترونیکی؛ از حصارهای بازدارنده تا فرایند قانونگذاری
E-health is to exchange information universally from one place to another through Internet and developed communication technology to provide health care. This is performed immediately after health care without missing useful information and its fast transformation. Valid license of provider E- health, using international standards in E- health, patients’ rights, high costs of E- health eq...
[ 17 ] - مرگ مغزی؛ نه مرگ قطعی و نه حیات؛ وضعیتی خاص در پرتو تکنولوژی‌های نوین زیست‌پزشکی
With the cognition and analysis of the phenomena of brain death through the modern bioethics technologies during the past 50 years, scientists of medicine, philosophy, ethics, law and religious clerics have all faced a new challenge as to the conditions and subjects of such death and it seems despite passage of decades, discrepancies still go on so that two main groups are facing each other. Th...
[ 18 ] - حمایت قانونی از ابداعات دارویی در اسناد و کنوانسیون‌های بینالمللی
The human society from far era to yet has no equal treat to mental offenders and the type of response to mentioned persons had been different proportionate to promotion in human knowledge. On epoch, mental disorder be assumed the persons who has the evil ghost and then enchases them on ships to search wisdom and knowledge. But, nowadays, in some societies the opinions is on that mental disorder...
[ 19 ] - تعهدات و الزامات جراحان زیبایی و ترمیمی در گستره حقوق پزشکی
Developments of Medicine on the one hand and social necessities and improvements in salary levels on the other hand are the factors which have caused great trend to plastic surgery specially in recent decades, while the features such as lack of vital necessity, selectivity, relevance with psychology and incorporation of scientific, artistic and commercial aspects in cosmetic and reconstructive ...
[ 20 ] - اسکیزوفرنی و مسؤولیت کیفری ناشی از آن از دیدگاه قانونگذار ایران
One of the most important mental diseases is Schizophrenia, which in it, thoughts, emotions and feeling of patient have changed and deviated and caused to disorder performance for them. The most characteristics of this disease are further tendency to isolation, separation and loneliness. They abhor the external universe and tend to isolation. They can become delinquent exceptionally because of ...
[ 21 ] - مطالعه تطبیقی اهدای جنین از منظر فقه و حقوق پزشکی
The knowledge of people about new methods of Infertility`s treatment increase by birth of first child born from invitro fertilization method in 1978. Use of these methods brings hope for many couples that think they never can have a baby. Some of these methods are egg donation, sperm donation and embryo donation that have been introduced as ''surrogate pregnancy'' and one of the best method of ...
[ 22 ] - بررسی فقهی ـ حقوقیِ مبانی و محدوده تجویز جراحی‌های زیبایی و ترمیمی
Plastic surgery is a newly emerged branch of medicine which was developed dramatically in line with scientific development of surgery and public attention to it, particularly during the last century. In view of particular features of this branch of medical procedures, there are certain moral and legal challenges in deferent systems on the basis of the permission to perform these operations. In ...
[ 23 ] - بررسی وضعیت حیات نباتی از منظر حقوق کیفری
The concept of brain death and vegetable life from the perspective of criminal law with a medical approach, it is mainly composed, when a person is caused by crime in the state of vegetable life, what the legal effect, may be considered. If a vegetable life, leading to brain death and resuscitation occurs, the person is dead. If this state is occured with attempt to murder, Offender will ...
[ 24 ] - تفویت فرصت بهبودی بیمار و ایجاد خطر ناروا و تحقق یافته در پرتو مطالعه تطبیقی
In this study, scrutinizing the nature and basis of civil liability of physicians revealed that although jurist shave not discussed and reviewed the notion of loss of opportunity to improve or cure the patient explicitly, this is clearly inferred from their utterance about the concept of damage and their prediction about common criteria for measuring the damage. Considering that now a days, the...
[ 25 ] - مبانی سقط درمانی و بررسی آن از منظر حقوق جزای پزشکی
The need for abortion is called “Therapeutic abortion” in terminology. In Iran legislator declared abortion absolutely illegal and unlawful after ensoulment when he proposed different juridical and legal ideas and he accepted sprit before ensoulment under special conditions of single article of Therapeutic abortion law and he has taken a step forward effectively for regulating abort...
[ 26 ] - حقوق و اخلاق در روانشناسی؛ از تدوین کدهای اخلاقی تا ضمانت اجرای قانونی
Answering sophisticated ethical questions and issues is among the debates encountered by the psychologists in their daily activities. Most psychologists deal with the professional activity aiming at and wishing to help the persons under treatment and to promote their comfort and welfare. It may be said that the psychologists never want that the clients, students, colleagues and other persons wo...
[ 27 ] - حریم خصوصی بیماران و حمایت کیفری از آن در نظام حقوقی ایران
The right to privacy is one of the most important rights that have a strong link with the moral rules and human dignity. Its aim is the elevation of the human personality and honoring his material and spiritual integrity. The origin of this right is the human rights standards; it is necessarily existent for all persons in any situation and conditions and has been protected by law. Criminal prot...
[ 28 ] - بررسی ماهیت تعهدات پزشکی و جلوه‌های آن در پرتو مطالعه‌ی تطبیقی
Although apparently in the Iranian's legal system following the major of Emamyeh's jurisprudence, the nature of medical obligations has been introduced as the obligation to results. In most legal systems and even in Islamic countries whose codes are drawn from Sunni jurisprudence, the nature of medical obligations is the obligation to means. But in some special cases and according justifiable r...
[ 29 ] - حمایت قانونی از ابداعات دارویی در پرتو مطالعه‌ی تطبیقی
Among the challenging issues of intellectual property law, discussed how to support and protect the drug because of its association with health in developing countries of particular importance and significance of the day incidence has been added. Pharmaceutical products, sometimes due to a combination of two or more chemical or combination of two or more existing drugs to create new drug is som...
[ 30 ] - جرم‌انگاری سهم‌خواری در حقوق جزای پزشکی
Abstract Fee splitting, a clear manifestation of physician's breaching patient's rights, is the breach of the principle known as bona fide with regard to the patient and the dominance of physician's financial interest on facilitation of treatment process. Yet a question is posed: Can physician's abusing patient's trust or lacks of information, whose manifestation can be observed in fee split...
[ 31 ] - ماهیت تعهدات پزشکی در پرتو مطالعه‌ی تطبیقی
The study found that although nature of obligation of the owners of medical and dependent careers to the jurists did not mansion explicitly, this issue is clear. The majority Emamyeh jurisprudence is that the obligations of allowed treating skilful medicine can be accomplished only if he has received his acquittal. But unlike the majority of jurists in the Sunni jurisprudence that believe the o...
[ 32 ] - حمایت از منابع ژنتیک در پرتو قانون ثبت اختراعات، طرح‌های صنعتی و علائم تجاری
"Genetic resources" means genetic material of actual or potential value. GR Economical, Social and Environmental importance have caused serious concerns about biopiracy and neglect of national sovereignty right on the way of exploitation these resources and elimination possibility of them. Iran because of its rich genetic resources and along exercise its national sovereignty shall not...
[ 33 ] - نگاهی به روانشناسی چهره در دانشنامه حکیم میسری؛ کهن ترین سند پزشکی جهان
The history of realizing a human being based on physiognomy goes back to five thousand years when Chinese were anticipated the events occurred to a person according to some indications in his/her face. Among Greek sags and philosopher; Hippocrates, Aristotle, Plato, Galenus and Stoics have presented some theories about physiognomy. But Juhan Lavater, a Swiss Scientist, was the first p...
[ 34 ] - پیشگیری از جرایم و تخلفات علوم آزمایشگاهی
Nowadays, Laboratories for medical diagnosis play a basic and crucial role in preserving and promoting the level of the health of society, especially diagnosis system and care of diseases. Regarding the development and expansion of medicine and interference of different elements in distinction. The termination and diagnosis of diseases, the physicians' increasing need to access result of medica...
[ 35 ] - مصونیت والدین در ایراد صدمات جسمی به فرزندان؛ چالشی پیرامون حق تأدیب در حقوق کیفری
Pondering on Parents' impunity in inflicting physical harm on children, we reach a basic question: What are basically the manifestations and consequences of parent’s use-specially that of father-of such immunity in Iranian criminal law? To answer this basic question, although a right to correction can be considered as a defensable pretext to inflict physical harm on children, Iranian legi...
[ 36 ] - نظارت بر مؤسسات پزشکی و تضمین حقوق بیماران در پرتو مطالعه تطبیقی
Inter group supervisory model in respect of medical activities is based on concentrating and using the expertise of medical and health professionals related to supervisory duties. This makes the authorities and personal in medical institutions aware that they are supervised by professional supervisors when dealing with the patients. This ultimately makes personnel avoid making some problems and...
[ 37 ] - اصول دادرسی منصفانه در محاکم اداری و هیأت‌های انتظامی پزشکی
Nowadays the right of fair trials includes a body of rules and principle that are anticipated for preserving the rights of parties in the hearing of trial. The assurances for the right of fair trials that mention in international documents of human rights are the base and foundation for unifying of civil procedure in different field. Medical disciplinary board as a part of administrative tribun...
[ 38 ] - مطالعه تطبیقی مسئولیت ناشی از خون های آلوده در نظام حقوقی ایران و فرانسه
The importance of law and the responsibility of producers of blood toward the recipients can best be seen in the tragic event for “Hemophiliacs” patients. In fact, third tragedy is full of highly important judicial documents that cover different earaches of law, as the law of civil responsibility has been the basis of the trial. The civil responsibility of the state toward the citiz...
[ 39 ] - شبیه‌سازی انسان؛ چالشی نو فراروی اخلاق و حقوق بشر
On entend par le terme «clonage humain» deux types de pratiques: le clonage reproductif et le clonage non – reproductif. Le premier, dont la fin est la reproduction, consiste a transférer le noyau d’une cellule dans un ovocyte énuclée afin d’obtenir un embryon humain génétiquement identique au donneur. Ici, l’embryon cultive...
[ 40 ] - جراحی زیبایی از منظر فقه و حقوق پزشکی
The tendency to beauty is an intrinsic and natural desire of human-being who is always after it. According to the history, beauty surgery existed in Alexandria and old Rome. And plastic surgery in Iran has a record of more than 5 decades. Considering the developments and expansions made in the meaning of ''Disease'', the psychiatrists and knowledgeable people started to declare the mental di...
[ 41 ] - ایدز و مکانیسم‌های پایش و حمایت از حقوق بشر
Guidelines of world health organization for legal documents related to AIDS included many statutes that ratify hasty by those statesmen that eager to response strongly against AIDS. One of the purposes of this research is to help the statesman and legislators to codify statues that conform to the public health and human rights principle. It must be considered that Different and innovative react...
[ 42 ] - حقوق و تحقیقات زیست پزشکی
La déclaration de Tokyo, adoptée par la 29eme Assemblée mondiale, en octobre 1975 , invite a établir une distinction fondamentale entre: D’une part une recherche a but essentiellement diagnostique ou thérapeutique a l’égard du patient.D'autre part une recherche dont l’objet essentiel est purement scientifique et sans finalité di...
[ 43 ] - انتقال بیماری ایدز از طریق تماس جنسی و انتقال خون؛ از آثار حقوقی تا پیامدهای کیفری
This article, first represents statistics of AIDS in Iran and the world, then studies the feature of AIDS disease, the factors of infection and the ways of its transmission. In this article we regards to the special group such as children, women and prisoners. Moreover some issues related to the observation of human rights principle in respect of HIV-positive persons are discussed. The next ...
[ 44 ] - بایسته‌های رضایت و برائت و تأثیر آن بر سقوط مسؤولیت پزشکی
La recherche du consentement du patient est un ancien principe, à la fois juridique et éthique, qui se fonde sur le principe du respect de l’intégrité corporelle du patient. Le respect de cette exigence par le corps médical a varié au cours des temps, comme l’illustre l’évolution récente. Le consentement du patient ou de ...
[ 45 ] - مواد غذایی تراریخته و حقوق مصرف‌کننده
Le droit d’avoir le choix des produits alimentaires et leurs genres est l’un des droits essentiaux de l’homme qui n’est pas privatif. Ce droit a la signification de posséder et l’engagement moral qui est légal selon l’imagination et l’affirmation du droit de chaque individu de la société. Si le public aurait le droit au ca...
[ 46 ] - مسؤولیت ناشی از صدور گواهی خلاف واقع پزشکی
La déliverance du certificat médical est l,une des taches quotidiennes des médecins et des autres qui s’occupent de la médecine. Les raisons de plus importantes qui font des médecins délivrer le certificat sont la délivrance des certificats pour exemption de service dans des organisations officielles ou service militaire ou celle de la pr&e...
[ 47 ] - بنیادهای اخلاقی حقوق بشر
In the three last decades, especially at the beginning of 1970,there has been a great interest in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights codes and it’s accordance with Islam towards social and political awakenings in Islam and the increase of militant religious extremisms among Muslims. Books and essays in Farsi and Arabic has been written by great and significant interpreters whom whe...
[ 48 ] - آثار استقرار نظام واحد ثبت اختراع در اتحادیه اروپا
یکی از مهمترین تحولات بینالمللی معاصر در عرصه ثبت اختراع، توافق اخیر کشورهای عضو اتحادیه اروپا در تدوین و تقنین مقررات برای ایجاد نظام واحد ثبت اختراع است. بهموجب این توافق، بعد از اعطای گواهینامه ثبت توسط دفتر اروپایی، ثبت اختراع این گواهینامه بدون نیاز به اعتبارسازی در تکتک کشورها، در قلمرو اتحادیه قابلیت اجرایی خواهد داشت. این توافق همچنین متضمن ایجاد یک دادگاه واحد با صلاحیت رسیدگی به دعاوی...
[ 49 ] - شرایط تحقق سقط درمانی در پرتو مطالعه تطبیقی
زمینه: سقط جنین در اصطلاح پزشکی عبارت است از اخراج عمدی، مصنوعی یا خود به خود جنین قبل از موعد طبیعی به گونه‌ای که قابلیت حیات مستقل نداشته باشد و از لحاظ حقوقی نیز به اخراج حمل قبل از موعد طبیعی به نحوی که زنده یا قابل زیستن نباشد یا به تعبیر دیگر منقطع ساختن دوران طبیعی بارداری، اطلاق دارد. سقط جنین عمدی در اکثر قوانین، به استثنای مواردی که به لحاظ وجود معاذیر پزشکی و غیر پزشکی مجاز اعلام شده...
[ 50 ] - تأملی پیرامون ماهیت حقوقی ضمان ناشی از خطای در تشخیص قبل از تولد با نگاهی به حقوق انگلستان
One of the new technologies of genetic science is pre-natal diagnostic tests to prevent the birth of children with congenital malformations. Physicians and genetic counselors as real person and laboratories and medical centers as legal person in the negligeecs in the case of patients will be laibel. What is important about the physician's liability and health centers due to a negligence in pren...
[ 51 ] - Faculty-Related Challenges in Medical Ethics Education: A Qualitative Study
Introduction: Medical ethics education is a key subject in medical occupations, as learning ethics is fundamental for their relationship with patients. Teachers are of the most important elements in medical ethics education, because they are one of the most important factors of forming the morality and the professional character in students. The aim of this study is to explain challenges and pr...
[ 52 ] - legal aspects of end of life and end stage disease
Abstract: Aims: End of Life (EOL) care providers potentially face by variety of legal and professional dilemma. This study is designed to review and analyze these challenges and approaches to solve them. Materials & Methods: In this narrative review study, legal aspects of end-of-life care in subjects such as medical assisted dying, decision-making capacity and withdrawal of life-sustaining...
[ 53 ] - Coronavirus Pandemic; From Human Rights Considerations to Citizenship Requirements
Coronavirus pandemic as a global health challenge, has had many political, economic, legal, social and cultural consequences in the realm of national societies and internationally. The most important concerns in the legal field are the human rights situation in the international system and civil rights in the field of national systems. These concerns are mainly related to the restriction of the...
نویسندگان همکار
پارسا, الهه 52