Despite the establishment of a specific approval pathway, the issuance of detailed scientific guidelines for the development of similar biological medicinal products (so-called "biosimilars") and the approval of several biosimilars in the European Union, acceptance of biosimilars in the medical community continues to be low. This is especially true in therapeutic indications for which no specif...

The cross efficiency evaluation is used to performance measurement of decision making units in data envelopment analysis concept. One of the most important shortcoming of this method is existing alternative optimal solution and therefore, the efficiency scores are not unique. We are going to summarize the pervious models proposed by researchers and suggest an alternative secondary goal approach...

   The performance of a decision making unit (DMU) can be evaluated in either across-sectional or a time-series manner, and data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a useful method for both types of evaluation. The Malmquist productivity index (MPI) evaluates the change in efficiency of a DMU between two time periods. It is defined as the product of the Catch-up and Frontier-shift terms. In this pape...

Considering the importance of decision- making in investment, this study prioritizes the accepted pharmaceutical companies in Tehran stock exchange, during 2013-2017 using the following criteria: the return on investment (ROI), reminded increment (RI), return on sales (ROS) and the earnings per share (EPS). Price per earnings ratio of each share (P/E), return on equity (ROE), return on assets (...

Abstract Researchers from all around the world had worked tirelessly to find ways lower cost of solar panels, create more efficient new goods, boost their fuel efficiency, and innovations largely dependent on photovoltaic system technology. When compared other forms non-conventional energy, such as wind tidal, has been one most widely employed resources. To harness power sun using photovoltaics...

considering the major change occurred in business cells from plant to “chain” and the critical need to choose the best partners to form the supply chain for competing in today’s business setting, one of the vital decisions made at the early steps of constructing a business is supplier selection. given the fact that the early decisions are inherently strategic and therefore hard and costly to ch...

background and objectives: evidence increasingly highlights the impact of emotional intelligence in managers on the productivity and performance of their organizations. given the importance of decision-making in the management process, this study explored the relationship between emotional intelligence and decision-making quality in hospital managers. methods: a cross-sectional questionnaire-ba...