In recent decades, there has been an increase in life expectancy and a rapid of the very senior dependency ratio developed countries. this context, we examine optimal levels public pensions long-term care (LTC) insurance. According to most reasonable estimates correlations among individual incomes, risks mortality dependency, show that it is always desirable for utilitarian social planner have ...

"This article presents and implements a new method for making stochastic population forecasts that provide consistent probability intervals. We blend mathematical demography and statistical time series methods to estimate stochastic models of fertility and mortality based on U.S. data back to 1900 and then use the theory of random-matrix products to forecast various demographic measures and the...

Abstract We consider two possible options of the energy dependency elastic and inelastic overlap functions. Those correspond to saturation black disk limit (BEL effect) unitarity (REL at s → ∞. Relation REL effect increase ratio σ el ( )/ tot ) emergence ring picture LHC is underlined.

Several related demographic trends are occurring in developing countries: youth comprise a large portion of populations, fertility rates are declining, and urban dwellers are increasing. As fertility rates decline and populations age, the decline in the ratio of young dependents to working age adults is expected to free up household resources, which can be invested in human capital, including y...

reliability analysis of rock slope stability has received considerable attention in the literature. it has been used as an effective tool to evaluate uncertainty so prevalent in variables. in this research the application of the jointly distributed random variables method for probabilistic analysis and reliability assessment of rock slope stability with plane sliding is investigated. in a recen...