in this work we sought to determine whether vesicles (liposomes/niosomes) were able to enhance finasteride concentration in the dermis layer, including the pilosebaceous units (psu). such enhancement could be beneficial in the treatment of some androgen-related skin disorders. hamster flank skin was used to study  3hfinasteride permeation via vesicles and a hydroalcoholic solution (ha). the dru...

Reflectance confocal microscopy is a modern, non-invasive diagnostic method that enables real-time imaging of the epidermis and upper layers of the dermis with nearly histological precision and high contrast. The application of this technology to skin imaging during the last years has resulted in progress of dermatological diagnosis, providing virtual access to living skin, without the need for...

The stratum corneum, the most superficial layer of skin, protects body against environmental hazards and presents a highly selective barrier for passage drugs cosmetic products deeper into skin across skin. Nanomaterials can effectively increase permeation active molecules corneum enable their penetration layers, often by interacting with creating distinct sites elevated local concentration, ac...

Verrucous hemangioma is a rare vascular malformation consisting of a proliferation of dilated blood vessels of different sizes that occupy the dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis of the affected area shows a strong proliferative reaction that presents as a warty appearance. Here, we report the case of a 17-year-old male who presented with an asymptomatic warty growth above the lateral malleolu...

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cutaneous metastases from internal malignancies. Generally, the neoplastic cells are located in the dermis or hypodermis, while a finding of transepidermal elimination on cutaneous metastases is exceptional. In this report we present a patient with perforating cutaneous metastases from breast cancer with mucin 1 expression. Cutaneous, bone, lung, and he...

The terms verrucous hemangioma and angiokeratoma circumscriptum have been used interchangeably in the literature to define clinically similar lesions. From a histologic perspective, however, angiokeratoma circumscriptum is limited to the papillary dermis whereas verrucous hemangioma extends as far as the hypodermis. We describe the case of a 38-year-old woman who consulted for a lesion on the r...

Introduction: The treatment of sagging skin in body areas is still a big challenge, as there are few aesthetic procedures aiming to improve it. The poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is an injectable synthetic polymer of the alpha-hydroxy acids family, which injection into the deep dermis or superficial hypodermis induces a local and gradual reaction, with synthesis of new collagen by the fibroblasts an...

In this article we present a 53-year-old lady, who had progressive indurated skin lesions on her both forearms since 3 months ago, without skin discoloration. Chest x-ray showed parahilar lymphadenopathy, in high resolution CT (HRCT) scan evaluation multiple lymph nodes in upper and middle mediastinum were reported. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) level was increased to 81 (normal 5-5...

The normal skin is from 0.5 to 10 millimetres thick, varying from place to place in the body, and consists of two layers, the epidermis and the dermis. The more superficial layer of the skin is the avascular epidermis which consists of stratified epithelium accurately moulded on the papillae of the corium , or true skinThe lowest or the deepest layer of the epidermis is known as the basal layer...