This study explores the history of the illegal production, distribution, and smuggling of cigarettes in mainland China. Data were obtained from a content analysis of 931 media reports retrieved from LexisNexis for the time period 1975 until 2010, and from other open sources. The illegal cigarette trade first emerged in the form of violations of state tobacco monopoly regulations. In the course ...

Ubud Village is a well-known tourist destination in Bali, with its own distinct features and characteristics centered on culture arts such as dance, painting, architectural sculpture/carving, well beautiful natural beauty, making it viable option. Tourism for cultural, spiritual, recreational purposes. Because of the fierce competition among destinations, must continue to compete improve qualit...

Tourism destinations are generally delimited and branded based on administrative boundaries, which act as artificial barriers that may reduce the competitiveness of tourism sector. Increasingly, literature is taking a demand perspective (i.e., tourist spatial behaviour) when identifying promoting destinations. This can help to promote more efficiently, particularly in rural areas, where most fl...

Self-congruity theory proposes that part of consumer behaviour is determined by an individual’s comparison of the image of themselves to the image of a product/brand, or to the stereotype of a typical user of the brand (Sirgy, 1986). Self-congruity models have been used in a variety of product branding applications; however, limited research has been conducted within the service industries. Ser...

The study is aimed to test the structural relationship between brand personality dimensions, selfcongruity (i.e., actual and ideal self-congruity) revisit intention. Brand was conceptualised as a five-dimensional construct including sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication, ruggedness. When Chinese outbound tourists perceived various traits of destination brand, it might influence thei...

The Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy (Kemenparekraf) the Republic Indonesia is aggressively promoting tourist destinations with various policies after confirmed cases Covid-19 decreased. Efforts to promote are created a positive image Indonesian tourism destinations. promotional video used storytelling techniques from Bali Lake Toba, two This study aimed determine effect Economy's promo...

Tourists’ good brand sensory image for Traditional Chinese Medicine health tourism (TCMHT) can improve the building of destinations. This paper takes some tourists who enter scenic spots integrated TCMHT as research object to investigate perception destination this group, aiming further analyze matching degree between existing and Brand Sensory Impression (TBSI). uses Matlab software carry out ...

The meaning given to the concept of destination may vary according location. Touristic activity area or destination; Although it is smaller in country as a whole, national that larger than many cities country, has certain image one's mind, and become brand. However, possible see different definitions literature. When relevant literature examined, although studies have been conducted on both int...