Bioethanol is among the most promising of biofuels because it has an energy content similar to gasoline while generating lower pollutant emissions than gasoline. But, in order to be used as an automotive fuel mixed with gasoline, ethanol must have less than 0.5 wt % of water. To achieve required ethanol purity, in light of the fact that the ethanol water mixture forms an azeotrope, unconvention...

The heat-integrated distillation column to be addressed in this paper is a special distillation column that involves internal heat integration between the whole rectifying and the whole stripping sections. An overview of the research on this process is presented in this work. It covers from the thermodynamic development and evaluations to the practical design and operation investigations for th...

the composition of the essential oils of teucrium chamaedrys l. belongs to the family lamiaceae, it is growing wild in the margin of mountainous roads of arid and cold climate of north iran. in this research, essential oils of teucrium chamaedrys l., extracted and measured at the different location by different methods of distillationand then were analyzed by gc and gc/ms. investigation and com...

Membrane distillation is a process that utilizes differences in vapor pressure to permeate water through a macro-porous membrane and reject other non-volatile constituents present in the influent water. This review considers the fundamental heat and mass transfer processes in membrane distillation, recent advances in membrane technology, module configurations, and the applications and economics...

Batch distillation in a column with a middle vessel can avoid many of the disadvantages associated with the regular batch distillation processes. In this paper we present an experimental investigation of the separation of a zeotropic ternary mixture via total reflux operation and of the separation of an azeotropic binary mixture via batchwise extractive distillation. Moreover, the results obtai...

for the gas stream in the distillation unit. Coagulation of the beer samples, especially when running a large number of samples, can arise in the distillation unit. Coagulation interferes with the smooth flow of sample through the distillation unit and gives erratic results. Coagulation was prevented by mixing the sample with a M potassium hydroxide solution (Figure 2) before pumping it into th...

M and control of distillation columns is a research area that evokes considerable interest. On the one hand, substantial savings are possible with good controllers, on the other hand, distillation columns are often used as test cases for new methods of model based controller design. Strongly nonlinear behavior and high order are the characteristics that present challenges when designing control...

background: thymus daenensis is on e of the endemic aromatic species in iran that its essential oil is used in food and pharmaceutical industries. objective: in this study, the effects of plant growth stages and distillation methods on essential oil content and thymol percentage of this species were evaluated. methods: the aerial parts of th. daenensis were collected in three stages of plant gr...

Abstract—The paper describes the modeling and simulation of the heat pumps domain processes. The main objective of the study is the use of the heat pump in propene–propane distillation processes. The modeling and simulation instrument is the Unisim® Design simulator. The paper is structured in three parts: An overview of the compressing gases, the modeling and simulation of the freezing systems...

In cross-database retrieval, the domain of queries di ers from that of the retrieval target in the distribution of term occurrences. This causes incorrect term weighting in the retrieval system which assigns to each term a retrieval weight based on the distribution of term occurrences. To resolve the problem, we propose \term distillation", a framework for query term selection in cross-database...