poly (propylene fumarate) (ppf), a linear unsaturated polyester consisting of alternating propylene glycol and fumaric acid units, can be cured in vivo to fill the skeletal defects with minimal surgical intervention. many different methods have been reported for synthesizing ppf, but none of them gives a clear method. the present paper introduces two new methods in ppf synthesis: modified reflu...

An Agilent Simulated Distillation (SimDis) system is described for characterizing petroleum fractions for quality control and monitoring of refinery feedstocks and products. The system uses a 6890N gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a high temperature programmable temperature vaporizer (HT PTV) inlet designed specifically for simulated distillation analysis. A SimDis software program that cou...

An Agilent Simulated Distillation (SIMDIS) system is described for quality control and monitoring of refinery processes. The system uses an Agilent 6890N gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a programmable temperature vaporizer (PTV) inlet designed specifically for high temperature analysis. A simulated distillation software program that couples with the Agilent GC ChemStation provides an easy-...

Abstract This paper presents the nonlinear dynamic analysis of an ideal two-reactant-two product reactive distillation. The impact of disturbance magnitudes and directions on openloop stability of the system is studied. An analysis of the physicochemical phenomena present in reactive distillation processes that, under certain operational conditions, causes special types of nonlinear behavior is...

E nergy costs are the largest percentage of a hydrocarbon plant’s operating expenditures. This is especially true of the distillation process, which requires substantial energy consumption. Concerns over recent high costs and economic pressures continually emphasise the need for efficient distillation design and operation without a loss of performance. This article illustrates how energy-effici...

This paper projected fuzzy logic control based intention has been protruded for a methanol water arrangement of bubble cap distillation column. In this distillation column is extremely nonlinear and conventional control is controlling the composition is a difficult task. Fuzzy inference system (FIS) and fuzzy rule based system (FRBS) is designed to govern the manipulate variable (reflux ratio) ...

A study of the influence of distillation system, oak wood type, and aging time on volatile compounds of cider brandy was carried out. Acetaldehyde and acetaldehyde diethyl acetal were influenced by distillation technology, oak wood type, and maturation time. The majority ester, ethyl ethanoate, increased during aging, the highest level of this ester being detected in spirits distilled by double...

Cache hierarchies play a very important role in bridging the speed gap between processors and memory. As this gap increases, it becomes increasingly important to intelligently design and manage a cache system. The performance of current caches is reduced because more than half of the data that is brought into the cache is never referenced, resulting in very low utilization. We propose line dist...