objective(s): carbon nanotube (cnt) has been widely applied at molecular and cellular levels due to its exceptional properties. studies based on conjugation of cnts with biological molecules indicated that biological activity is preserved. polyethylenimine (pei) is explored in designing novel gene delivery vectors due to its ability to condense plasmid dna through electrostatic attraction. in t...

objective(s): first, 10-bromodecanoic acid was covalently attached to all available surface primary amines of ppi g2 and g3 to increase their lipophilicity. in the subsequent step, ppis were conjugated to the alkylcarboxylate groups of alkylcarboxylate-ppi derivatives to increase the number of surface primary amines. physicochemical properties of modified ppis were determined. transfection expe...

We study finite partial orders which have a chain such that every element of the order either belongs to this chain or has all its covers in this chain. We show that such orders are exactly the orders being both interval orders and truncated lattices. We prove that their jump number is polynomially tractable and that their dimension is unbounded. We also show that every order admits a visibilit...

This paper explores the signi®cance of groundwater dominance in the surface water system through a combination of review and an exposition of the general hydrology, ecology and geomorphology of rivers draining the main UK aquifers. Groundwater dominance is shown to vary according to the nature of the aquifer lithology, the mechanism of groundwater:surface water interaction and the scale at whic...

Contemporary societies, governments, individuals are all facing problems linked directly or indirectly to the functioning of ecological systems. Whatever the reason underlying these problems – be it the necessary use of biological resources, the elimination or recycling of wastes, our inevitable dependence on ecosystem services – neither politics nor ecology can afford to ignore them, and polit...

In this paper, we introduce and study a new coloring problem of a graph called the dominated coloring. A dominated coloring of a graph G is a proper vertex coloring of G such that each color class is dominated by at least one vertex of G. The minimum number of colors among all dominated colorings is called the dominated chromatic number, denoted by χdom(G). In this paper, we establish the close...

We present a new formalism to describe the ratios and profiles of emission lines from hydrogen in Balmer-dominated shocks. We use this model to interpret the measured widths and ratios of broad and narrow Hα, Hβ and Lyα emission lines in supernova remnants (SNRs). Our model results agree fairly well with those obtained previously by Chevalier, Kirshner & Raymond (1980) and are consistent with o...

lentiviral vectors are promising gene delivery tools capable of transducing a variety of dividing and non-dividing cells, including pluripotent stem cells which are refractory for transduction by murine retroviruses. although there is a growing debate on the safety of lentiviral vectors for gene transfer, in particular for those derived from human immunodeficiency viruses, type one (hiv-1) and ...